March 14, 1837 - Wheatstone & Cooke sent first British telegraph message.

June 10, 1837 - Charles Wheatstone, of Hanover Square, Middlesex, and William Fothergill Cooke, of Breeds Place, Hastings, received an English patent for electric "Five Needle Telegraph"; required six wires between each of its stations; June 10, 1840 - received U. S. patent for an "Improvement in the Electro-Magnetic Telegraph" ('new and useful improvements in giving signals and sounding alarms in distant places by means of electric currents transmitted through metallic circuits"); 10 days before Morse received patent, but Morse given priority as first inventor; Morse patent described prototype of famous dot-dash code; Wheatstone and Cooke had the priority in U.K.; their telegraph had no means of recording messages (Morse regarded it as great disadvantage).

January 6, 1838 - Samuel Morse and partner, Alfred Vail, gave first public demonstration of electric telegraphic system at Vail's Speedwell Iron Works in Morristown, NJ (transmitted a sentence 2 miles); January 24 -  second demonstration at New York University; February 21, 1838 - Morse demonstrated telegraph to President Van Buren, Cabinet in Washington; June 20, 1840 - Samuel F. B. Morse received a patent for "Telegraph Signs" ("improvement in the mode of communicating information by signals by the application of electro-magnetism"); March 3, 1843 - Congress passed bill to spend $30,000 for telegraph line between Washington, DC and Baltimore; May 24, 1844  - America's first telephone line finished, Morse sent to Baltimore code for "What hath God wrought!"; June 13, 1848 - patent for "Improvement in Electro-Magnetic Telegraphs" reissued; Morse code.

Samuel F. B. Morse (http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8d/Samuel_Morse_1840.jpg)

May 24, 1844 - American inventor Samuel F.B. Morse inaugurated world's first commercial telegraph line in  demonstration witnessed by members of Congress; dispatched telegraph message ("What Hath God Wrought?" from the Bible, Numbers 23:23 -suggested to Morse by Annie Ellworth, daughter of the commissioner of patents) from U.S. Capitol to Alfred Vail at railroad station in Baltimore, MD; message telegraphed back to Capitol a moment later by Vail.

November 6, 1845 - First fee-for-service (commercial) telegraph line (second line in U. S.) opened along railroad right-of-way between Lancaster, PA and Harrisburg, PA; January 8, 1946 - first message received.

April 18, 1846 - Royal E. House, of New York City, received a patent for a "Printing Telegraph"; telegraph ticker that would print letters of alphabet; able to print at rate of 50 words a minute in Roman letters.

March 7, 1876 -Alexander Graham Bell, of Salem, MA, received a patent for an "Improvement in Telegraphy" (February 14, 1876 - Bell and rival inventor Elisha Gray had applied for patents for telephone within hours of one another; U.S. Supreme Court eventually ruled Bell the rightful inventor); granted ownership over both  telephone instruments and concept of a telephone system; March 10, 1876 - made first successful voice transmission, telephone call, in Boston as his assistant heard Bell say, ''Mr. Watson, come here. I want you''; first successful experiment with the telephone; later that year, Bell succeeded in making a phone call over outdoor lines; June 6, 1876 - received patent for an "Improvement in Telephonic Telegraph-Receivers"; January 30, 1877 - received a patent  for an "Improvement in Electric Telegraphy".

April 1876 - Lars Magnus Ericsson opened electro-mechanical workshop in a rented kitchen in Stockholm to repair telegraph instruments and other electrical devices; working capital was 1,000 kronor, borrowed from a Mrs. Maria Stromberg of Nygard; company named L.M. Ericsson & Co.; November 1878 - delivery of the first telephones of Ericsson's manufacture.

July 27, 1876 - After two failures, Cyrus W. Field succeeded in laying the first underwater telegraph cable between North America and Europe.

October 9, 1876 - First two-way telephone conversation occurred over outdoor wires between Alexander Graham Bell and Watson over telegraph line linking Boston and East Cambridge. 

February 12, 1877 - News dispatch from Salem, MA to Boston Globe in Boston, MA (distance of sixteen miles) sent using Alexander Graham Bell's new invention, the telephone, for  first time in U.S.

April 15, 1877 - First telephone installed: Boston-Somerville, Massachusetts.

August 22, 1877 - Alexander Graham Bell received a Canadian patent for "Improvements on Electric Telephony" sold, for $1, 75% interest in patent to Melville Bell (father); father of Canadian telephone industry; December 1878 - Hugh C. Baker (Hamilton, ON) opened first Canadian switchboard (8 lines) for Hamilton and District Telephone Company; 1879 - patent rights acquired by William H. Forbes, associates in National Bell Telephone Company (Boston, MA); 1880 - Charles Fleetford Sise appointed special agent in Canada of  National Bell Telephone Co.; February 1880 - Baker petitioned Parliament to enact legislation to create bell telephone Company of Canada; April 29, 1880 - The Bell Telephone Company of Canada incorporated by Act of Parliament; Sise organized Canadian subsidiary, The Bell Telephone Company of Canada (considered founder of Company); became VP, second president from 1890- 1915; subscribers rose from 2,100 in 1880 to 237,000 in 1914; July 24, 1882 - established Mechanical Department, with 3 employees, to manufacture telephone sets; December 7, 1895 - manufacturing division spun off as Northern Electric & Manufacturing Company Limited (branch plant of Western Electric); March 7, 1968 - use of corporate name "Bell Canada" authorized; June 1, 2003 - major restructuring from geographic focus to three customer market segments: Consumer, Small and Medium-sized Business, Enterprise.

Charles Fleetford Sise - founder Bell Telephone Company of Canada (http://www.nortel-canada.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/charles_sise_pic.jpg)

August 15, 1877 - Thomas Edison coined telephone greeting "Hello"; suggested its use to president of Telegraph Company to answer the phone instead of "Ahoy" suggested by Alexander Bell.

December 1877 - Western Union established American Speaking Telephone Company (Elisha Gray's patents) to compete with Bell Company;

January 14, 1878 - First demonstration of Alexander Graham Bell's telephone to Queen Victoria at her Osborne House estate on the Isle of Wight; she ordered a private line to be laid between Osborne House, on the Isle of Wight, and Buckingham Palace.

January 15, 1878 - George W. Coy (backed by Herrick P. Frost, Walter Lewis) incorporated District Telephone Company of New Haven in New Haven, CT (awarded a Bell telephone franchise for New Haven and Middlesex counties on November 3, 1877); January 28, 1878 - opened world's first telephone exchange (8 connecting lines strung together, crude switchboard used carriage bolts, handles from teapot lids, bustle wire, served 21 subscribers who paid $1.50/month); February 21, 1878 - issued first U.S. telephone directory; listed about 50 names; April 15, 1878 - set up world's first telephone booth; May 28, 1878 - reorganized The Connecticut District Telephone Company; October 12, 1878 - name changed to The District Telephone and Automatic Signal Company; 1880 - reorganized as The Connecticut Telephone Company; October 2, 1882 - incorporated as Southern New England Telephone (SNET).

September 1, 1878 - Emma Nutt of Boston became first female telephone operator.

October 22, 1878 - Thomas A. Edison received a patent for "Quadruplex-Telegraph Repeaters"; electromagnets, local circuits, switches, connections of quadruplex circuit; messages repeated automatically into one circuit by receiving instrument of other circuit, instead of finger key operated by hand.

Dr. Moses Greeley Parker - first used telephone numbers (http://bit.ly/19vzEk)

September 6, 1879 - Telephone Company Ltd. opened first public British telephone exchange in Lombard Street, London (used Edison's system); members paid subscription (origin of  term "subscriber"); served eight subscribers with two-panel Williams switchboard; end of year - about 200 subscribers, two more exchanges opened (Leadenhall Street in City, and at Westminster); 1880 - company opened telephone exchanges in Glasgow, Manchester, Liverpool, Sheffield, Edinburgh, Birmingham, Bristol.

December 9, 1879 - M. Daniel Connolly of Philadelphia, Thomas A. Connolly of Washington, DC. and Thomas J. McTighe of Pittsburgh received patent for an "Automatic Telephone-Exchange"; automatic telephone switching system; single-line wire, battery of cells located at each telephone, dial switching mechanism for each line; not introduced commercially but introduced general principle of later dial systems.

June 1, 1880 - Connecticut Telephone Co. installed first pay telephone service in United States, for public use, in its office in New Haven, CT; toll given to an attendant; January 28, 1878 - New Haven exchange founded; 1880 - company had right to build exchanges in any part of Connecticut, western Massachusetts, had right to interconnect exchanges; early toll lines from Bridgeport to New Haven to Hartford.

September 21, 1880 - Francis Blake, of Weston, MA received a patent for an "Individual Cal-Bell" ("...by which the automatic operation of the dial at the central office may be made to coincide with the automatic operation of the dial at either of the out stations"); March 8, 1881- received a patent for a "Telephone" ("...to increase the volume and distinctiveness of transmitted speech..."); February 8, 1887 - received a patent for a "Telephone-Transmitter"; assigned to the American Bell Telephone Company; January 1, 1889 - received a patent for a "Speaking Telephone";  Blake Transmitter for telephone communications, significant advancement in communication technology, used widely by Bell Telephone Company, enabled Bell to prevail in protracted patent infringement litigation with Thomas Edison (feeble receiver-transmitter) and Western Union (settled out of court, surrendered all its patents, all telephone business). 

March 24, 1883 - Long-distance telephone service inaugurated between Chicago and New York City.

March 27, 1884 - Branch managers of American Bell Telephone Company in Boston called their counterparts in New York City in first long-distance telephone call; June 19, 1900 - Michael I. Pupin, of Yonkers, NY, received a patent for the "Art of Reducing Attenuation of Electrical Waves and Apparatus Therefor"; method to transmit telephone signals over long distances to maintain clarity; 1901 - patent acquired by Bell Telephone Company.

March 3, 1885 - American Telephone and Telegraph Company incorporated as wholly owned subsidiary of American Bell.

July 29, 1914 - Transcontinental telephone service began with the first phone conversation between New York and San Francisco; celebrated with telephone conversation between Thomas A. Watson in San Francisco and Alexander Graham Bell in New York City; 1914 - Wendover, Utah was site of completion of first transcontinental telephone line; 1913 -Western Electric's high-vacuum tube for amplifying sound in telephone cables developed.

October 6, 1914 - Edwin H. Armstrong, of Yonkers, NY, received a patent for a "Wireless receiving System" ("improvements in the arrangement and connections of electrical apparatus at the receiving station of a wireless system...to amplify the effect of the received waves upon the current in the telephone or other receiving circuit". 

January 25, 1915 -  Alexander Graham Bell (68), inventor of the telephone, inaugurated U.S. transcontinental telephone service with a call made between New York City and San Francisco to Dr. Watson, his longtime assistant (previous long distance limit was New York to Denver, and only then with some shouting); line made up of two metallic circuits, used 2,500 tons of hard-drawn copper wire, 130,000 poles and countless loading coils; signal boosted by three vacuum tube repeaters; world's longest telephone line.

May 6, 1916 - Navy Department made first successful U.S. radio telephone ship-to-shore conversation via AT&T telephone and telegraph circuits with all navy yards and radio stations in the U.S.; Secretary of the Navy gave orders for the next day's movement to the captain of the battleship New Hampshire, anchored off Fortress Monroe;  first time Navy operated ship direct from the department by wireless telephone.

March 16, 1919 - Wireless telephone invented, enabled air pilots to talk in flight.

March 7, 1926 - First successful transatlantic radio-telephone conversation took place, between New York and London.

January 7, 1927 - Commercial transatlantic telephone service (using radio) inaugurated between New York and London.

December 8, 1931 - Lloyd Espenschied, of Kew Gardens, NY, and Herman A. Affel, of Ridgewood, NJ, received a patent for "Concentric Conducting System"; coaxial cable; application was television, requires wide range of transmission frequencies; assigned to AT & T.

January 8, 1982 - American Telephone & Telegraph settled  Justice Department's antitrust lawsuit; agreed to divest itself of 22 Bell System companies; August 5, 1983 - U.S. District Court Judge Harold Greene approved plan to split company into seven regional companies ("Baby Bells"); development of new transmission technology, rapid advancement of computer prompted major changes in government's trust-friendly philosophy; 1974 - government filed anti-trust suit against AT&T, ultimately forced company to divest itself of companies that provided local service.

1983 - Motorola launched first cell phone; supported 1 hour of talk , 8 hours in standby; cost $4,000.

October 11, 1983 - Last hand-cranked (magneto) telephones in United States went out of service; 440 telephone customers in Bryant Pond, ME, switched to direct-dial service.

January 1, 1984 - AT&T was divested of 22 Bell System companies under terms of an antitrust agreement (per U.S. District Court Judge Harold Greeneýs ruling on August 5, 1983); AT&T's assets dropped from $149.5 billion to $34 billion, its workforce shrank from 1.9 million to 373,000 employees.

December 3, 1984 - British Telecom privatized.

October 30 1986 - The first fibre-optic cable across the English Channel began service.

January 26, 1989 - AT&T reported first loss in 103 years; $1.67 billion in 1988.

January 24, 1994 - Nynex Corporation, one of New York's leading phone providers, announced that it was laying off 16,800 workers (20% of its work force) over next three years; reported it would take $1.6 billion charge for year; reflected Nynex's drive to protect its stake in one of nation's prime communication markets.

August 7, 1994 - First telephone link made between Israel and Jordan.

October 25, 1994 - Sprint Corp. announced it was joining forces with Comcast, Tele-Communications, Cox Enterprises to offer full range of phone services, information, multimedia delivery network.

September 20, 1995 - AT&T announced it would split into three smaller companies: 1) ailing computer division, 2) more lucrative Network equipment arm, 3) core communications services (telephones and related business amounted to 60 percent of AT&T's sales, bulk of its profits).

February 8, 1996 - President Clinton signed legislation revamping telecommunications industry, said it would "bring the future to our doorstep"; knocked down regulatory barriers,  opened local telephone, long-distance service and cable television to new competition.

September 25, 1996 - Loral Space Communications announced it had acquired Skynet, AT&T's broadcast satellite division for $712.5 million in cash; AT&T would use that cash to try to compete against "Baby Bells" in long-distance and local markets.

November 10, 1997 - WorldCom Inc., MCI Communications Corp. agreed to a $37 billion merger (largest merger in US history at the time).

February 16, 1998 - Tellabs Inc. acquired Coherent Communications Systems for $670 million.

June 24, 1998 - AT&T Corp. agreed to acquire cash-strapped cable television giant Tele-Communications Inc. for $31.7 billion. gave AT&T cable connections in roughly 33 million homes across United States; company reemerged as local phone force, boosted AT&T's status in booming Internet industry; primed to take leading role in convergence of various telecommunications channels.

July 24, 1998 - Enron Corporation, electricity and gas company in Houston, TX, signed lavish deal to acquire British-based Wessex Water, PLC for $2.2 billion; signaled Enron's first move towards creating a global water subsidiary.

July 28, 1998 - Bell Atlantic, GTE announced a $52 billion merger; created Verizon.

October 5, 1999 - MCI WorldCom Inc. announced $115 billion deal to take over Sprint Corp.

November 14, 1999 - Vodafone AirTouch acquired Mannesmann AG in a $183billion all-share deal, largest corporate merger in history; created 4th largest company in world ($365 billion in sales) behind Microsoft, GE, Cisco Systems.

June 16, 2000 - Federal regulators approved merger of Bell Atlantic and GTE Corp.; created nation's largest local phone company, Verizon.

July 21, 2002 - WorldCom Inc. filed for bankruptcy protection, about a month after disclosing it had inflated profits by nearly $4 billion through deceptive accounting.

October 31, 2003 - Bankruptcy court approved MCI's reorganization plans; essentially cleared telecommunications company to exit bankruptcy.

February 17, 2004 - Cingular Wireless agreed to pay nearly $41 billion in cash to buy AT&T Wireless Services.

December 15, 2004 - American telecommunications giants Sprint Corp. and Nextel Communications Inc. announced they would merge in $35 billion deal.

January 31, 2005 - SBC Communications Inc. announced it was acquiring AT&T Corp. for $16 billion.

October 31, 2005 - The Spanish telco Telefónica announced  £18 billion deal to buy the British mobile network operator O2 plc.

January 27, 2006 - Western Union sent last telegram; 1929 - sent more than 200 million telegrams (height of business); 2005 - under 21,000 telegrams sent.

March 6, 2006 - AT & T announced plans to acquire regional-phone company BellSouth Corp. for $67 billion in stock, take full control of Cingular venture (nation's biggest wireless operator with more than 54 million customers); subject to regulatory approval, combined company would serve 70 million local-phone customers, 10 million high-speed DSL Internet users, would have about 315,000 employees, combined revenue of $121 billion (Wall Street's estimate of annual 2006 sales); November 2005 - AT&T Inc. formed after SBC Communications Inc. acquired the old AT&T, adopted the name.

November 17, 2006 - President George W. Bush approved  deal in which French telecommunications equipment maker Alcatel SA would acquire Lucent Technologies Inc. in a $11.8 billion deal; Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) spent 75 days investigating national security implications of transaction; recommended Bush approve it (November 21 statutory deadline to render a decision).

June 29, 2007 - Bell Canada (BCE) agreed to be acquired for $32.6 billion (6x BCE's cash flow) by investment arm of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan (BCE's largest shareholder), Providence Equity Partners Inc., Madison Dearborn Partners; largest private-equity buyout in history.

August 29, 2007 - Alltel shareholders approved $24.7 billion private equity buyout of country’s fifth-largest wireless operator by GS Capital Partners, private equity arm of Goldman Sachs, and TGP Capital; 12 million customers in 35 states (largest Tier 2 carrier).

(AirTouch Communications), Louis Galambos, Eric John Abrahamson (2002). Anytime, Anywhere: Entrepreneurship and the Creation of a Wireless World. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 310 p.). Wireless communication systems--Economic aspects; Cellular telephone systems; Entrepreneurship. Birth, explosion of cellular, wireless communications as seen through eyes of Sam Ginn at AirTouch Communications.

(ALLTEL Corporation), David A. Patten and Jeffrey L. Rodengen (2001). The Legend of ALLTEL. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 208 p.). ALLTEL Corporation--History; Telephone companies--United States--History; Telecommunication--United States--History; Telephone supplies industry--United States--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--United States--History. 

(AT&T), J. Warren Stehman (1967). The Financial History of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. (New York, NY: A. M. Kelley, 339 p. [orig. pub. 1925]). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

Alexander Graham Bell (http://www.lucidcafe.com/ library/96mar/96margifs/bell2.gif; August 3, 1922 Obituary: http://www.nytimes. com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0303.html

Thomas A. Watson (http://www.columbia.edu/acis/history/tjwatsonsr.gif;  December 15, 1934 Obituary: http://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/0118.html

(AT&T), Joseph C. Goulden (1968). Monopoly. (New York, NY: Putnam, 350 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

(AT&T), Horace Coon (1971). American Tel & Tel; The Story of a Great Monopoly. (Freeport, NY: Books for Libraries Press, 276 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

(AT&T), Noobar R. Danielian (1974). A.T. & T.: The Story of Industrial Conquest. (New York, NY: Arno Press, 460 p. [orig. pub. 1939]). American Telephone and Telegraph Company. Series: Telecommunications (New York, N.Y. : 1974).

(AT&T), Sonny Kleinfield (1981). The Biggest Company on Earth: A Profile of AT&T. (New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 319 p. [based on series in New York Times]). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

(AT&T), Alvin von Auw (1983). Heritage & Destiny: Reflections on the Bell System in Transition. (New York, NY: Praeger, 480 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

(AT&T), edited by Harry M. Shooshan II (1984). Disconnecting Bell: The Impact of the AT&T Divestiture. (New York, NY: Pergamon Press, 160 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company; Telephone--Law and legislation--United States; Telecommunication--Law and legislation--United States; Corporate divestiture--United States.

(AT&T), Robert W. Garnet (1985). The Telephone Enterprise: The Evolution of the Bell System's Horizontal Structure, 1876-1909. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 210 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--History; Telephone companies--United States--History.

(AT&T), George D. Smith (1985). The Anatomy of a Business Strategy: Bell, Western Electric and the Origins of the American Telephone Industry. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 237 p.). Academic (NYU&), Founder (Winthrop Group). AT&T, Western Electric, Telephone Industry.

(AT&T), W. Brooke Tunstall; foreword by Richard Tanner Pascale (1985). Disconnecting Parties: Managing the Bell System Break-Up: An Inside View. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 226 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company.

(AT&T), Neil H. Wasserman (1985). From Invention to Innovation: Long-Distance Telephone Transmission at the Turn of the Century. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 160 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--History; Telephone--United States--History.

(AT&T), Steven P. Feldman (1986). The Culture of Monopoly Management: An Interpretive Study in an American Utility. (New York, NY: Garland, 209 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Management--History; Telephone--United States--Management--History.

(AT&T), Steve Coll (1986). The Deal of the Century: The Breakup of AT&T. (New York, NY: Atheneum, 400 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Reorganization--History; Telephone companies--United States--History.

(AT&T), Peter Temin with Louis Galambos (1987). The Fall of the Bell System: A Study in Prices and Politics. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 378 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Reorganization--History; Telephone companies--United States--History.

(AT&T), Fred W. Henck and Bernard Strassburg (1988). A Slippery Slope: The Long Road to the Breakup of AT&T. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 277 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Reorganization; Telephone companies--United States; Telecommunication--United States; Corporate divestiture--United States; Antitrust law--United States.

(AT&T), Alan Stone (1989). Wrong Number: The Breakup of AT&T. (New York, NY: Basic Books, 381 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Reorganization; Telecommunication--Deregulation--United States.

(AT&T), Leslie Cauley (2005). End of the Line: The Rise and Fall of AT & T. (New York, NY: Free Press, 320 p.). Telecom Reporter (USA Today). AT& T--History; Telecommunication--United States--History--20th century.

(AT&T), Dick Martin (2005). Tough Calls: AT&T and the Hard Lessons Learned from the Telecom Wars. (New York, NY: AMACOM, 294 p.). AT & T--History; Telecommunication--United States--History. 

(BARL Inc.), Tom Bean Bob (1996). How To Be a Successful Corporate So-and-So. (Dallas, TX: Odenwald Press, 122 p.). Former President and CEO (Fischbach and Moore Global Communications, Inc.). Tom Bean Bob, 1933- ; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Success in business--United States.

(Belfast Telegraph), Malcolm Brodie; foreword by Lord Thomson of Fleet (1995). The Tele: A History of the Belfast Telegraph. (Belfast, Northern Ireland: 300 p. Belfast telegraph; Journalism--Ireland--Belfast--History.

(Bell Canada), Lawrence Surtees (1992). Pa Bell: A. Jean de Grandpré & The Meteoric Rise of Bell Canada Enterprises. (Toronto, ON: Random House, 481 p.). Grandpré, A. Jean de; Bell Canada Enterprises -- History; Businessmen -- Canada -- Biography.

(Bell Telephone Company of Canada), R.C. Fetherstonhaugh (1944). Charles Fleetford Sise, 1834-1918: A Biography. (Montreal, QU: Gazette Printing Co., 238 p.). Sise, Charles Fleetford, 1834-1918.; Bell Telephone Company of Canada.

(Bell Telephone Laboratories), Roland Mueser, editor (1979). Bell Laboratories Innovation in Telecommunications, 1925-1977. (Murray Hill, NJ: Technical Documentation Dept., Bell Laboratories, 227 p.). Bell Telephone Laboratories, inc.--History; Telecommunication--History; Telephone--History.

(Bell Telephone Laboratories), Jeremy Bernstein (1984). Three Degrees Above Zero: Bell Labs in the Information Age. (New York, NY: Scribner, 241 p.). Bell Telephone Laboratories, inc.

(Cable and Wireless), Hugh Barty-King (1979). Girdle Round the Earth: The Story of Cable and Wireless and Its Predecessors to Mark the Group's Jubilee, 1929-1979. (London, UK: Heinemann, 413 p.). Cable and Wireless, ltd.--History.

(Collins Radio), Ken C. Braband ; with excerpts from articles by R.L. Carrel ... [et al.] (1983). The First 50 Years: A History of Collins Radio Company and the Collins Divisions of Rockwell International. (Cedar Rapids, IA: Communications Dept., Avionics Group, Rockwell International, 218 p.). Collins, Arthur Andrew, 1909- ; Collins Radio Company--History; Radio supplies industry--United States--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--United States--History.

(Collins Radio), Ben W. Stearns (2002). Arthur Collins : Radio Wizard. (Marion, IA: Ben W. Stearns, 394 p.). Collins, Arthur Andrew, 1909- ; Collins Radio Company--History; Rockwell International--History; Industrialists--Iowa--Cedar Rapids--Biography; Radio supplies industry--Iowa--Cedar Rapids; Amateur radio stations--History; Avionics--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--History; Aerospace industries--History; Cedar Rapids (Iowa)--Commerce--History.

(Communications Satellite Corporation), Michael E. Kinsley; foreword by Ralph Nader; introd. by Nicholas Johnson (1976). Outer Space and Inner Sanctums: Government, Business, and Satellite Communication / Michael E. Kinsley ; foreword by Ralph Nader ; introd. by Nicholas Johnson. (New York, NY: Wiley, 280 p.). Communications Satellite Corporation; United States. Federal Communications Commission; Artificial satellites in telecommunication; Industrial policy -- United States.

(CTS Corporation), James H. Soltow (1987). Ninety Years: A History of CTS Corporation, 1896-1986. (Elkhart, IN: CTS Corp., 128 p.). CTS Corporation--History; Telephone supplies industry--United States--History; Electronic industries--United States--History.

(DoCoMo), John Beck and Mitchell Wade (2003). DoCoMo: Japan's Wireless Tsunami: How One Mobile Telecom Created a New Market and Became a Global Force. (New York, NY: AMACOM, 240 p.). DoCoMo (Firm)--History; Cellular telephone services industry--Japan--History.

(Elhac Mehmet Esat), Brendan O'Kelly (2001). The Esat Story. (Dublin, IR: Gill & Macmillan, 165 p.). O'Brien, D. P. (Denis Patrick), 1939- ; Elhac Mehmet Esat; Chief executive officers -- Ireland -- Biography; Telecommunication -- Ireland -- Management. 

(LM Ericsson), Artur Attman (1977). LM Ericsson 100 Years. (Stockholm, SW: L. M. Ericsson, 3 vols.). Telefonaktiebolaget L. M. Ericsson--History. 

Lars Magnus Ericsson - LM Ericsson  (http://www.ericssonhistory.com/Handlers/GetImage.ashx?url=/media/www.ericssonhistory.com_0004/DA1900-32966-LM000562.jpg&w=574&h=438)

(Excel), James W. Robinson; foreword by Kenny A. routt (1997). The Excel Phenomenon: The Astonishing Success Story of the Fastest-Growing Communications Company--and What It Means to You. (Rocklin, CA: Prima Publishing, 225 p.). Excel Communications; Telephone--United States--Long distance; Telecommunication--United States.

(Exchange Telegraph), J. M. Scott (1972). Extel 100: The Centenary History of the Exchange Telegraph Company. (London, UK: Benn, 239 p.). Exchange Telegraph Company.

(GN Store Nord), Ole Lange (1978). Finansmænd, Stramænd og Mandariner: C. F. Tietgen, Privatbanken og Store Nordiske: Etablering 1868-76. (København, Denmark: Gyldendal, 395 p.). Tietgen, Carl Frederik, 1829-1901; Store nordiske telegraf-selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark); Privatbanken i Kjøbenhavn; Capitalists and financiers--Denmark--History--19th century; Denmark--Foreign economic relations; Denmark--Commerce--History--19th century.

Carl Frederik Tietgen - GN Store Nord  (http://www.kb.dk/elib/mss/dmg/teknik/TIETGEN-1.jpg)

--- (1980). Partnere og Rivaler: C. F. Tietgen, Eastern Extension og Store Nordiske: Ekspansion i Kina 1880-86. (København, Denmark: Gyldendal, 282 p.). Tietgen, Carl Frederik, 1829-1901; Store nordiske telegraf-selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark); Extension Australasia and China Telegraph Company, Limited; Telegraph--China; Investments, Danish--China; Investments, British--China.

(GN Store Nord), Kurt Jacobsen (1997). Den Røde Trad: Det Store Nordiske Telegraf-Selskabs Storpolitiske Spil Efter den Russiske Revolution. (Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 223 p.). Store nordiske telegraf-selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark)--History.

(GN Store Nord), Martin J. Iversen (2005). GN Store Nord: A Company in Transition, 1939-1988. (Copenhagen, Denmark: Copenhagen Business School Press, 216 p.). Store nordiske telegraf-selskab (Copenhagen, Denmark)--History; Telegraph--Denmark--History.

(Grameen Phone Ltd.), Nicholas P. Sullivan (2007). You Can Hear Me Now: Connecting the World’s Poor to the Global Economy. (San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 272 p.). Publisher of the journal Innovations: Technology/Governance/Globalization (MIT Press), Partner in the Global Horizon Fund. Grameen Phone Ltd.; Cellular telephone services industry--Developing countries.; Information technology--Developing countries; Telecommunication--Developing countries. Partnership between Norway’s Telenor and Grameen Bank; "external combustion engine"  three forces) - 1) information technology, imported by 2) native entrepreneurs trained in West, backed by 3) foreign investors.

(Graybar Electric), Frederick R. Warburton (1980). Wiring the World: Forty Years in Nuts & Bolts. (St. Petersburg, FL: Valkyrie Press, 351 p.). Warburton, Frederick R.; Graybar Electric Company inc.--History; Businesspeople--United States--Biography. 

(International Discount Telecommunications), Howard Jonas (1998). On a Roll: From Hot Dog Buns to High-Tech Billions. (New York, NY: Viking, 293 p.). Jonas, Howard; International Discount Telecommunications (Firm); Telecommunication--United States; Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Entrepreneurship.  

(Inter-Tel), Jeffrey L. Rodengen (1999). Against the Odds: Inter-Tel, the First 30 Years. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: write Stuff Enterprises, 240 p.). Inter-Tel (Firm)--History; Telecommunication--United States--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--United States--History; Telephone--United States--History; Computer industry--United States--History.

(Intervoice), Richard F. Hubbard & Jeffrey L. Rodengen (2003). Intervoice: Twenty Years of Innovation. (Fort Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff, 152 p.). Intervoice (Firm) -- History; Speech processing systems industry -- United States -- History; Telecommunication equipment industry -- United States -- History.

(Lorain Products - founded 1936), David N. Keller ( 1991). C. Paul Stocker: His Life and Legacy. (Athens, OH: Ohio University Press, 219 p.). Stocker, C. Paul (Closman Paul), 1904-1978; Electric engineers--United States--Biography; Telephone supplies industry--United States--Biography.

(Lucent), Lisa Endlich (2004). Optical Illusions: Lucent and the Crash of Telecom. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 302 p.). Lucent Technologies (Firm)--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--United States--History; Data transmission equipment industry--United States--History. 

(Macrotel), Leonard R. Graziplene (2007). The Macrotel Files: An Intrapreneurial Case Study. (Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 242 p.). Telecommunications Industry--United States; Entrepreneurship--United States--History.

(Marconi), W. J. Baker (1972). A History of the Marconi Company. (New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 413 p.). Marconi Company.

(McCaw Cellular), O. Casey Corr (2000). Money from Thin Air: The Story of Craig McCaw, the Visionary Who Invented the Cell Phone Industry, and His Next Billion-Dollar Idea. (New York, NY: Crown, 310 p.). McCaw, Craig; Cellular telephone systems--United States; Cellular telephones--United States.

(MCI - founded 1968 as Microwave Communications of America by William McGowan), Larry Kahaner (1987). On the Line: How MCI Took on AT&T, and Won! (New York, NY: Warner Books, 344 p.). MCI (Firm)--History; American Telephone and Telegraph Company--Reorganization--History; Long distance telephone service--United States--History; Telephone companies--United States--History.

(MCI), Philip L. Cantelon (1993). The History of MCI 1968-1988: The Early Years. (Dallas, TX: Heritage Press, 720 p.). MCI Communications Corporation--History; American Telephone and Telegraph Company--History; Long distance telephone service--United States--History; Telecommunication--United States--History.

(Mercury Communications), Keith Bradley, Foreword by Sir Peter Parker (1992). Phone Wars: Story of Mercury Communications. (London, UK: Random House, 251 p.). Mercury Communications; Telecommunications Industry--Great Britain. 1981 - formed as subsidiary of Cable & Wireless to challenge monopoly of British Telecom.

(Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company), Herbert J. Hackenburg, Jr. (1986). Muttering Machines to Laser Beams: A History of Mountain Bell. (Denver, CO: Mountain Bell, 383 p.). Mountain States Telephone and Telegraph Company--History; Telephone companies--United States--History.

(Nokia), Dan Steinbock (2001). The Nokia Revolution: The Story of an Extraordinary Company That Transformed an Industry. (New York, NY: AMACOM. Nokia (Firm)--History; Cellular telephone equipment industry--Finland--History.

Fredrik Idestam - founder Nokia (http://www.about-nokia.com/images/idestam.jpg)

(Nokia), Martti Häikiö (2002). Nokia: The Inside Story. (Boston, MA: Financial Times, 254 p.). Nokia (Firm)--History; Cellular telephone equipment industry--Finland--History.

(Nokia), Michael Lattanzi, Antti Korhonen, Vishy Gopalakrishnan (2006). Work Goes Mobile: Nokia’s Lessons from the Leading Edge. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 212 p.). Practice Manager in Nokia’s Enterprise Solutions Business Group. Nokia (Firm)--History; Cellular telephone equipment industry--Finland--History. Inside story of Nokia's efforts to use mobile capabilities for business benefits.

(Nortel), Larry MacDonald (2000). Nortel Networks: How Innovation and Vision Created a Network Giant. (Toronto, ON: J. Wiley & Sons Canada, 259 p.). Nortel Networks--History; Northern Telecom Limited--History.

(Northwestern Bell), James Crockett Rippey (1975). Goodbye, Central--Hello, World: A Centennial History of Northwestern Bell: The Diary of a Dream. (Omaha, NE: Northwestern Bell for the Telephone Pioneers of America, 344 p.). Northwestern Bell telephone; Telecommunications.

(One. Tel), Paul Barry (2002). Rich Kids: How the Murdochs and Packers Lost $950 Million in One.Tel. (Milsons Point, N.S.W.: Random House Australia, 392 p.). Murdoch, Rupert, 1931- ; Packer, Kerry; One.Tel (Firm); Telecommunication--Australia; Business failures--Australia.

(Pacific Telesis), Eric Abrahamson, Marjorie Wilkens (1994). Learning to Compete: A History of Pacific Telesis Group. (San Francisco, CA: Pacific Telesis Group, 371 p.). Pacific Telesis Group; AT & T--History. Breakup of Bell System from California point of view; strategic overview of evolution of regulation, technology, telephone business in California.

(PAETEC Communications), Arunas A. Chesonis and David Dorsey (2007). It Isn’t Just Business, It’s Personal: How PAETEC Thrived When All the Big Telecoms Couldn’t. (Rochester, NY: RIT Cary Graphic Arts Press, 171 p.). Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of PAETEC Corporation. Telecommunication--United States--Management; Management--United States--Employee participation; PAETEC Communications. How, by following handful of basic ethical principles, company emerged as example of how to succeed in twenty-first century.

(QUALCOMM), Dave Mock (2005). The Qualcomm Equation: How a Fledgling Telecom Company Forged a New Path to Big Profits and Market Dominance. (New York, NY: AMACOM, 224 p.). Practicing Engineer and Consultant to Telecommunications Industry. QUALCOMM Inc.; Telecommunication; Wireless communication systems; Spread spectrum communications; Code division multiple access. 

(Research in Motion), Alastair Sweeny (2009). BlackBerry Planet: The Story of Research in Motion and the Little Device That Took the World by Storm. (Toronto, ON, Wiley Canada, 284 p.). Journalist. Research in Motion (Firm) --History; BlackBerry (Smartphone). Innovative electronic organizer; how little device became machine that connected planet; branding, marketing success of BlackBerry.

Mike Lazaridis - Research in Motion

(http://www.blackberrycool.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/12/mike_lazaridis_portrait.gif)

Jim Balsillie - Research in Motion (http://www.blackberryinsight.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/01/jim-balsillie.jpg)

(Research in Motion), Rod McQueen; Foreword by Jim Balsillie, Mike Lazaridis (2010). BlackBerry: The Inside Story of Research in Motion. (Toronto, ON, Key Porter Books, 320 p.). Author. Research in Motion (Firm) --History. Launched in 1984, by Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie, with $15,000 loan; grown into one of largest, most profitable companies in world; 2009 - sold more than 50 million BlackBerrys, annual profits in excess of $11 billion; biography of the device’s popularity, origins, development, geniuses who were its inspiration.

(RF Micro Devices), Jerry D. Neal, with Jery Bledsoe (2005). Fire in the Belly: Building a World-Leading High-Tech Company from Scratch in Tumultuous Times. (Asheboro, NC: Down Home Press, 220 p.). Co-Founder, Executive Vice President for Marketing and Strategic Development of RFMD. 

(Roseville Telephone Company), Stephen R. Chanecka (1995). History of the Roseville Telephone Company. (Roseville, CA: Roseville Telephone Co., 427 p.). Roseville Telephone Company--History; Telephone companies--California--Roseville--History.

(Southern Bell), Kenneth Lipartito (1989). The Bell System and Regional Business: The Telephone in the South, 1877-1920. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 283 p.). Southern Bell Telephone and Telegraph Company--History; Telephone companies--Southern States--History; Telephone--Southern States--History.

(Southern New England Telephone Company), J. Leigh Walsh (1950). Connecticut Pioneers in Telephony: The Origin and Growth of the Telephone Industry in Connecticut. (New Haven, CT: Morris F. Tyler Chapter, Telephone Pioneers of America, 444 p.). Southern New England Telephone Company; Telephone -- Connecticut.

(Southern New England Telephone Company), E. Wight Bakke (1966). Bonds of Organization: An Appraisal of Corporate Human Relations. (Hamden, CT: Archon Books, 239 p. [2nd ed.]). Southern New England Telephone Company; Connecticut Union of Telephone Workers; Industrial relations.

(Standard Telephone and Cables), Peter Young (1983). Power of Speech: A History of Standard Telephones and Cables, 1883-1983. (Boston, MA: Allen & Unwin, 221 p.). Standard Telephones and Cables (London, England)--History; Telecommunication--Great Britain--History; Telephone--Great Britain--History.

(Telefonica Espanola), Gabriela Martinez (2006). Telefonica Espanola: The Digital Reconquest of the Americas. (Ann Arbor, MI: ProQuest/UMI, 273 p.). Assistant Professor, School of Journalism (University of Oregon). Telefonica Espanola; Telecommunications Industry--Spain. How politics and economics have affected Telefónica's patterns of ownership, structural growth, geographic expansion.

(TelMex), The Company (1991). Historia de la Telefonía en México, 1878-1991. (México, D.F.: Teléfonos de México, 221 p.). Teléfonos de México, S.A.--History; Telephone--Mexico--History.

(TelMex), José Martínez (2002). Carlos Slim: Retrato Inédito. (Mexico, D. F.: Oceano, 270 p.). Slim Helú, Carlos 1940- ; Teléfonos de México, S.A.--History; Businessmen--Mexico--Biography; Mexico Mexico City. 

(Titan Corporation), Jeffrey L. Rodengen and Richard F. Hubbard (2002). The Legend of the Titan Corporation. (Ft. Lauderdale, FL: Write Stuff Enterprises, 144 p.). Titan Corporation--History; Telecommunication equipment industry--United States; Defense industries--United States. 

(United Telephone), Lucinda Dixon Grove (1982). United Telephone Service Since 1901: United Telephone System--Eastern Group History. (Mechanicsburg, PA: Center Square Press, 212 p.). United Telephone System--History; United Telecommunications--History.

(Vodaphone), Trevor Merriden (2003). Rollercoaster: The Turbulent Life and Times of Vodafone and Chris Gent. (Oxford, UK: Capstone, 205 p.). Editor, Human Resources magazine. Gent, Chris. 1948- ; Vodafone Group; Cellular telephone services industry. 

(Western Electric), Richard Balzer (1976). Clockwork: Life In and Outside an American Factory. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 333 p.). Western Electric Company; Electric industry workers--Massachusetts--North Andover; Industrial sociology--Massachusetts--North Andover.

Elisha Gray - Western Electric (http://www.loc.gov/ rr/scitech/mysteries/images/gray.jpg)

(Western Electric), Stephen B. Adams and Orville R. Butler (1999). Manufacturing the Future; A History of Western Electric. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 270 p.). Telephone Supplies, Electronic Supplies.

(Western Union), M. J. (Mike) Rivise (1950). Inside Western Union. (New York, NY: Sterling Pub. Co., 248 p.). Western Union Telegraph Company.

(Western Union), George P. Oslin (1992). The Story of Telecommunications. (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 507 p.). Inventor of Singing Telegram in 1933 for Western Union. Telecommunication--History; Telecommunication--United States--History.

--- (1998). One Man's Century: From the Deep South to the Top of the Big Apple: A Memoir. (Macon, GA: Mercer University Press, 118 p.). Inventor of Singing Telegram in 1933 for Western Union. Oslin, George P., 1899- ; Western Union Telegraph Company--History; Telecommunication--United States--Employees--Biography; Inventors--United States--Biography; Southern States--Social life and customs--1865-.

John Brooks (1976). Telephone: The First Hundred Years. (New York, NY: Random House, 369 p.). American Telephone and Telegraph Company; Téléphone--Etats-Unis--Histoire; Telephone--United States--History.

Deep Kanta Lahiri Choudhury (2010). Telegraphic Imperialism: Crisis and Panic in the Indian Empire, c.1830. (New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan, 277 p.). Telegraph -- India; Telegraph -- India -- History; Telegraph -- Social aspects -- India; Social change -- India; India -- History -- British occupation, 1765-1947. Telegraph system of British Indian Empire, c.1850-1920; one of most significant transnational phenomena of imperial world, link between communication, Empire, social change; first electronic communication network transformed language, distance, time.

Robert W. Crandall (1991). After the Breakup: U.S. Telecommunications in a More Competitive Era. (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 174 p.). Telephone--United States; Telephone--Deregulation--United States.

Robert W. Crandall (2005). Competition and Chaos: U.S. Telecommunications Since the 1996 Telecom Act. (Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press, 212 p.). United States. Telecommunications Act of 1996; Telecommunication policy--United States; Telecommunication--Deregulation--United States; Competition--Government policy--United States; Telecommunication--Law and legislation--United States. Effect of 1996 Telecommunications Act on major telecommunications providers, economic welfare in United States.

Martin Fransman (2002). Telecoms in the Internet Age: From Boom to Bust to--? (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 290 p.). Telecommunication; Internet.

Louis Galambos, Eric John Abrahamson (2002). Anytime, Anywhere: Entrepreneurship and the Creation of a Wireless World. Wireless communication systems--Economic aspects; Cellular telephone systems; Entrepreneurship.

John Steele Gordon (2002). A Thread Across the Ocean: The Heroic Story of the Transatlantic Cable. (New York, NY: Walker, 240 p.). Columnist, American Heritage Magazine. Cables, Submarine--Atlantic Ocean--History; Telegraph--United States--History; Telegraph--Great Britain--History.  

Cyrus West Field (transatlantic cable)  [http://www.atlantic-cable.com/Field/Portraits/CyrusField-H_s.jpg]

Elton W. Hall (2003). Francis Blake: An Inventor’s Life, 1850-1913.  (Boston, MA, Massachusetts Historical Society, 219 p.). Former Curator of the New Bedford Whaling Museum. Blake, Francis, 1850-1913; Inventors --United States --Biography; Telephone; Photography, Instantaneous. Changed way Americans communicated in 19th century, how they saw themselves; major inventions: telephone transmitter, innovations in high-speed photography; Blake Transmitter became world standard ( name emblazoned on transmitters used in Alexander Graham Bell's devices in the last twenty years of 19nth century); helped revolutionize photography, transformed role of photograph in American society.

Francis Blake - Telephone Transmitter (http://www.techantiques.com/blakeportrb.jpg)

John Handley (2005). Telebomb: The Truth Behind the $500-Billion Telecom Bust and What the Industry Must Do To Recover. (New York, NY: AMACOM, 264 p.). Partner (Accenture). United States. Telecommunications Act of 1996; Telecommunication--United States; Telecommunication--Deregulation--United States; Telecommunication policy--United States. 

Eric Harwit (2008). China’s Telecommunications Revolution. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 208 p.). Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Hawaii. Telecommunication --China; Telecommunication --Economic aspects --China; Telecommunication --Social aspects --China. Most successful developing nation in history for spreading telecommunications access; how China conducted remarkable "telecommunications revolution"; corporate, government policy to get citizens connected to both voice, data networks; key issues - building, running country's Internet, mobile phone company rivalry, foreign investment in sector, telecommunications in Shanghai; country's internal "digital divide"; how equitable telecommunications revolution has been; how PRC's entry in WTO will shape future course of telecommunications growth.

Jill Hills (2002). The Struggle for Control of Global Communication: The Formative Century. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 327 p.). Telecommunication--History; Globalization--History; Competition, International--History. 

Anton A. Huurdeman (2003). The Worldwide History of Telecommunications. (New York, NY: Wiley, 638 p.). Former Transmission Product Manager (Alcatel). Telecommunication--History.

Paul Israel (1992). From Machine Shop to Industrial Laboratory: Telegraphy and the Changing Context of American Invention, 1830-1920. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 251 p.). Technology--United States--History; Telegraph--United States--History; Inventions--United States--History.

Peter R. Jensen (2000). From the Wireless to the Web: The Evolution of Telecommunications, 1901-2001. (Sydney, AU: University of New South Wales Press, 306 p.). Telecommunication--History--20th century; Telecommunication--History--20th century.

Guy Klemens (2010). The Cellphone: The History and Technology of the Gadget That Changed the World. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 216 p.). Cell phone systems. History of cellular phone from beginnings in 1940s to present (early mobile phones debuted as early as 1946, expensive novelty until 1980s); fundamental concepts involved in wireless communication, ramifications of cellular technology on economy, U.S. and international law, human health, society.

Rich Ling (2004). The Mobile Connection: The Cell Phone’s Impact on Society. (San Francisco, CA: Morgan Kaufmann, 244 p.). Senior Research Scientist at Telenor (Norways largest telecommunications company), Adjunct Professor at the University of Udine, Italy. Cellular telephone systems--Social aspects. Impact of phone on daily life - accessibility, safety, security, coordination of social and business activities, use of public places.

--- (2008). New Tech, New Ties: How Mobile Communication Is Reshaping Social Cohesion. (Cambridge, MAs: MIT Press, 224 p.). Senior Researcher at Telenor (Norwegian telecommunications company), Adjunct Research Scientist (University of Michigan). Cellular telephones--Social aspects; Interpersonal communication--Technological innovations--Social aspects; Communication and culture. How mobile telephone affects social bonding, 2 kinds of interactions: 1) mediated by mobile communication, 2) those that are face to face; strengthens social bonds among family, friends (creates what he calls "bounded solidarity"); engenders, develops social cohesion within family, peer group; ritual interaction is catalyst for development of social bonding.

Annteresa Lubrano (1997). The Telegraph: How Technology Innovation Caused Social Change. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 182 p.). Telegraph--History; Telecommunication--Technological innovations; Technological innovations--Social aspects; Information technology--Social aspects.

Carolyn Marvin (1988). When Old Technologies Were New: Thinking About Electric Communication in the Late Nineteenth Century. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 269 p.). Telecommunication--History--19th century; Electric engineering--History--19th century.

John L. McLucas (1991). Space Commerce. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 241 p.). Electronics Engineer in Aviation and Space Technology. Space industrialization--United States; Artificial satellites in telecommunication--United States.

Susan E. McMaster (2002). The Telecommunications Industry. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 191 p.). Telephone--United States--History; Telecommunication policy--United States--History. 

Christos J. Moschovitis (1999). History of the Internet: A Chronology, 1843 to the Present. (Santa Barbara, CA: ABC-CLIO, 312 p.). Telecommunications. A chronology of telecommunications from Babbage's earliest theories of a "Difference Engine" to the impact of the Internet in 1998 to future trends.

James B. Murray, Jr. (2001). Wireless Nation: The Frenzied Launch of the Cellular Revolution in America. (Cambridge, MA: Perseus Pub., 338 p.). McCaw, Craig; Cellular telephone services industry--History; Cellular telephone systems--United States; Cellular telephones--United States.

Seth Shulman (2008). The Telephone Gambit: Chasing Alexander Graham Bell’s Secret. (New York, NY: Norton, 252 p.). Bell, Alexander Graham, 1847-1922; Gray, Elisha, 1835-1901; Telephone--History; Telephone--Patents; Inventors--United States--Biography. Alexander Graham Bell, Elisha Gray filed patent applications on same day in 1876; compelling evidence that Bell peaked at rival inventor's patent application, stole  crucial element from it, lived uncomfortable lie for rest of his life.

Kenneth Silverman (2003). Lightning Man: The Accursed Life of Samuel F.B. Morse. (New York, NY: Knopf, 503 p.). Pulitzer-Prize Winner. Morse, Samuel Finley Breese, 1791-1872; Inventors--United States--Biography; Artists--United States--Biography; Telegraph; Morse code. 

George D. Smith (1985). The Anatomy of a Business Strategy: Bell, Western Electric and the Origins of the American Telephone Industry. (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 237 p.). Telephone Industry, AT&T, Western Electric.

Tom Standage (1998). The Victorian Internet: The Remarkable Story of the Telegraph and the Nineteenth Century's On-Line Pioneers. (New York, NY: Walker and Co., 227 p.). Telegraph--History.

Christopher H. Sterling, Phyllis W. Bernt, Martin B. H. Weiss (2005). Shaping American Telecommunications: A History of Technology, Policy, and Economics. (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 419 p.). Telecommunication--United States; Telecommunication policy--United States. Interplay among technical innovation, policy decisions, regulatory developments.

Alan Stone (1997). How America Got On-Line: Politics, Markets, and the Revolution in Telecommunications. (Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 241 p.). Telecommunication--United States--History; Entrepreneurship--United States--History; Technological innovations--Economic aspects--United States--History; Information society--United States--History.

Lawrence Surtees (1994). Wire Wars: The Canadian Fight for Competition in Telecommunications. (Scarborough, ON: Prentice-Hall Canada, 420 p.). Unitel Communications Inc.; Bell Canada; Long distance telephone service--Canada; Telecommunication policy--Canada; Competition--Canada.

Andrew Wheen (2010). Dot-Dash to Dot.Com: How Modern Telecommunications Evolved from the Telegraph to the Internet. (New York, NY: Springer, 301 p.). Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (UK). Telecommunication -- History; Telecommunication -- Technological innovations. Development of complex technology from electric telegraph to Internet; feats of 19th century engineering, impact of first telecommunication systems on Victorian world; how success of electric telegraph led to development of telephone, fax machine; early experiments that led to Internet, World Wide Web; how networks work; phenomenal growth of mobile networks; how digital revolution is driving introduction of "next generation networks;" extraordinary growth in network applications.

_________________________________________________________

Business History Links

Antique Telephone History                                                                  http://www.antiquetelephonehistory.com/                                 

The pages on this site will provide links to the history of the telephone and the histories of a number of current telephone companies. In addition, information about antique telephones, wiring diagrams, where to obtain parts and the Antique Telephone Collectors Association is provided.

AT & T  History                                                                           http://www.att.com/history/                     

AT&T Technology Timeline                                                                              http://www.corp.att.com/attlabs/reputation/timeline/             

Features descriptions of telecommunication, sound, and data technology developments starting with the birth of the telephone in 1876. Some of the of the events include fax service (1924), sound motion pictures (1926), synthetic speech (1936), the first mobile telephone call (1946), the first direct-dial transcontinental telephone call (1951), UNIX and the Internet (1969), and quantum computing (1999). From AT&T.

Atlantic Cable & Submarine Telegraphy History                                         http://www.atlanticcable.com/                                    

From the first submarine cable of 1850 to the worldwide fiber optic  network.

Bell Labs History                                                                              http://www.bell-labs.com/about/history/timeline.html

Cable and Wireless History                                                                          http://www.cwhistory.com/history/images/welcome.gif              

From its beginning in the 1860's, Cable & Wireless has played a major part in the establishment and development of telecommunications around the world.

Thomas Alva Edison Patent Collection                                                http://www.mall-usa.com/uspat/edison/1.html                       

Patent Numbers 1 (06/01/1869) - 1084 (05/16/1933).

Ericcson History                                                                      http://www.naringslivshistoria.se/eng/

French (Transatlantic) Cable Station Museum                                     http://www.frenchcablestationmuseum.org/                          

Opened in July 1972 - American termination point for a telegraph cable that came directly to Orleans, MA from France; called "Le Direct", installed in 1898 and was almost 3200 miles long; first French Cable was installed in 1869, landed in Duxbury MA.

The Great Transatlantic Cable                                                 
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/cable/
In the modern era of instantaneous communication, it is perhaps difficult to imagine a world only 130 years ago where sending messages and other items to Europe was a rather time-consuming affair. Transatlantic communications were vastly improved when Cyrus Field, a New York paper manufacturer, completed construction of a 2,000-mile-long cable beneath the Atlantic in 1866. This delightful website is designed to complement the American Experience documentary on the construction of the cable, and will be of great interest to those with a penchant for the history of technology. Visitors can learn about the laborious process involved with the construction of the cable, take part in an online poll, and learn about the science behind the transatlantic cable. Additional materials include a detailed timeline of related events, additional interviews with experts in the field, and a selection of cable-related humor from the period.

HELL'S BELLS: A Radio History of the Telephone                                          http://town.hall.org/radio/HellsBells/                                     

8-part series: fascinating glimpse into the history of telecommunications with great relevance for those interested in the future of the Internet.

Guglielmo Marconi -- 1874-1937                                                          http://www.marconicalling.com/html/                               

MarconiCalling is a detail-rich, digital archive drawn from the extensive Marconi Collection housed at Chelmsford, England. The site provides an in-depth look at Guglielmo Marconi, the wireless telegraph company he founded, and their impact on the interconnected lives that we live today. The site provides links to other useful resources, a bibliography, a timeline, and a searchable archive that includes photographs, film clips, sound clips, newspaper articles, artifacts, and telegrams sent and received by the Titanic. Subjects: Marconi, Guglielmo, 1874-1937 -- Biography | Telegraph, Wireless -- Marconi system | People.

Guglielmo Marconi (http://media-2.web.britannica.com /eb-media/20/2320-003-F5A055EB.gif)

The Samuel F. B. Morse Papers at the Library of Congress                     http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/sfbmhtml/                              

Comprises about 6,500 items, or approximately 50,000 images, that document Morse's invention of the electromagnetic telegraph, his participation in the development of telegraph systems in the United States and abroad, his career as a painter, his family life, his travels, and his interest in early photography, religion, and the nativist movement. Included in the collection are correspondence, letterbooks, diaries, scrapbooks, printed matter, maps, drawings, and other miscellaneous materials. The papers included date from 1793 to 1919, but most are from 1807 to 1872. The collection includes the original paper tape containing the first telegraph message, "What hath God wrought?," sent on May 24, 1844. The digitization of the Morse Papers is made possible through the generous support of the AT&T Foundation.

Museumsstiftung Post und Telekommunikation
http://www.museumsstiftung.de/.
1995 - The Post and Telecommunications Museum Foundation established as part of the West German postal reform; historical roots go to the 19thCentury and the founding of the Reich Postal Museum in Berlin; documents historic development of postal and telecommunications in all its  manifestations. The statutory mission of the Museum Foundation to represent the "development of communication and thus collect the related banking, goods and people in the postal and telecommunications and open", to and extends the range of collection areas, however, considerably - down to the diverse forms of communication in present and future; collections date to 1872 (Reich Postal Museum).  

The Museum of Communications                                                             http://www.museumofcommunications.org/                     

Formerly known as the Vintage Telephone Equipment Museum, reveals the history of the telephone and the equipment that makes it all work.

The Telecommunications History Group, Inc.                                         http://www.telcomhistory.org/                                             

Maintains and operates one of the nation's largest privately held telecommunications archives. THG is a permanent collective memory of the telecommunications industry, dedicated to preserving the history of the industry and to telling the stories behind the history.

Telephone Collectors International                                                        http://www.telephonecollectors.org/                                   

Organization of telephone collectors, hobbyists and historians who are helping to preserve the history of the telecommunications industry through the collection of telephones and telephone related material. Our collections represent all aspects of the industry; from the very first wooden prototypes that started the industry to the technological marvels that made the automatic telephone exchange possible.

Telephone Tribute                                                                                       http://www.telephonetribute.com/payphones.html                    

Pays tribute to the telephone from a historical aspect. provides technical information, human interest stories, links to other telephony related web sites, resources for students and teachers, and other features.

Telephone History Website                                                                http://www.cybercomm.net/~chuck/phones.html

Nikola Tesla Museum                                                                        http://www.tesla-museum.org                                         

December 5, 1952 - Nikola Tesla Museum was founded in accordance with the decision of the Government of the Federal People's Republic of Yugoslavia; unique institution of science and culture in Yugoslavia and in the world. It is the only museum in the world which preserves the original and personal inheritance of Nikola Tesla; plays a significant role in providing abundant information to the researchers of history of science, inventions and patent rights as well as for environmental protection projects and studies of pollution-free energy sources.

Uniting a Nation: Two Giants of Telecommunications                                http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/atthtml/                                   

The invention of the telegraph and the telephone provided the first "paving stones" for what has today become the information superhighway. The Manuscript Division of the Library of Congress holds the main body of the papers of the two American inventors most responsible for the 19th century revolution in telecommunications, Samuel F. B. Morse and Alexander Graham Bell. During the next few years, manuscripts and photographs donated to the Library of Congress by descendents of Morse and Bell will be made available online as part of the American Memory Historical Collections. The production of these collections is supported by a generous gift from the AT&T Foundation.

Western Union Telegraph Company Records, 1820-1995                     http://invention.smithsonian.org/resources/fa_wu_index.aspx           

This listing of Western Union Telegraph Company records begins with a concise history of the telegraph, including Samuel F.B. Morse's invention of the early telegraph, the Morse Code system, further developments that allowed Roman letters to be sent in addition to dots and dashes, early commercial telegraph services, the 1860 Pacific Telegraph Act, and the history of Western Union Telegraph Company. From the Lemelson Center for the Study of Invention and Innovation, Smithsonian Institution.