1806 - William Colgate, English immigrant, Francis Smith established Smith and Colgate, starch, soap, candle business at 6 Dutch Street in New York City; 1813 - Bowles Colgate (brother) acquired Smith's interest; renamed William Colgate & Company; 1820 - opened wheat-starch factory in Jersey City, NJ (converted to corn starch factory in 1842); 1857 - Samuel Colgate (son) assumed control, reorganized as Colgate & Company; 1869 - Cashmere Bouquet brand first used commercially; 1873 - first aromatic dental cream in jars; February 28, 1893 - Colgate & Co. registered "Cashmere Bouquet" trademark (soap, perfumery, and toilet preparations); first milled perfumed toilet soap; 1896 - introduced collapsible toothpaste tubes; June 19, 1906 - Richard M. Colgate, Gilbert Colgate, Sidney M. Colgate, Austen Colgate registered "Colgate's" trademark first used in 1850 (soaps for toilet, laundry, and household use); 1908 - incorporated by five sons of Samuel Colgate; 1910 - moved headquarters to Jersey City, NJ; 1928 - merged with Palmolive-Peet-Company; renamed Colgate-Palmolive-Peet-Company; 1930 - went public; 1939 - $100 million in sales of consumer products; 1947 - Ajax cleanser launched; 1953 - name changed to Colgate-Palmolive Company; 1966 - Palmolive dishwashing liquid introduced; 1989 - sales exceed $5 billion; 1992 - acquired Mennen Company; 2006 - sales in excess of $12 billion.

William Colgate (http://www.green-wood.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/02/colgate.william-sq.jpg)

Samuel Colgate (http://bks0.books.google.com/books?id=z8gJAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA424IA1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig= ACfU3U0dyj1QcRa8VZWO0MgW0k5nZ-H-qw&h=824&w=570)

1819 - Charles H. Phillips entered retail drug business in New Jersey; 1849 - acquired land in Glenbrook, CT, established Phillips Camphor and Wax Company; manufactured white wax, refined camphor, high grade of essential oils, cod liver oil emulsion, wheat phosphates; July 2, 1873 - Charles H. Phillips and Lawrence Reid, of New York, NY, received a patent for "Improvement in Making a Hydrate or Milk of Magnesia" ("...a superhydrate of the oxide of magnesium or superhydrate of magnesia...being intended to be administered by an aqueous mixture, termed by us 'milk of magnesia'..."); assigned to Charles H. Phillips; 1885 - incorporated as The  Chas. H. Phillips Chemical Company; managed by four sons (A. N. Phillips, C. E. H. Phillips, W. D. Phillips, J. B. Phillips); January 16, 1894 - Charles H. Phillips Chemical Company registered "Milk of Magnesia" trademark first used in April 1885 (Preparation of Magnesia); 1923 - acquired by Sterling Products; 1924 - launched Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia Toothpaste; 1925 - launched Phillips’ Dental Magnesia & Tooth Powder; 1931 - introduced Phillips’ Milk of Magnesia Tablets; 1976 - production at Glenbrook ceased.

April 12, 1837 - William Procter, James Gamble started making,  selling soap and candles; August 22, 1837 - formalized their business relationship by pledging $3,596.47 apiece; October 31, 1837 - formal partnership agreement signed; 1850 - Moon and Stars began to appear in 1850s as the unofficial trademark; 1859 - P&G sales reached $1 million; 1890 - incorporated; William Alexander Procter assumed leadership.

November 17, 1857 - H. Nichols Wadsworth, of Washington, DC, received a patent for a "Tooth-Brush" ("...separating the bunches of bristles more than in the common brush so as to give more elasticity and enable them to enter between the interstices of the teeth-having the brush wide that it may be imperative on the part of the patient to brush the gums thoroughly..."); 1880s - Florence Manufacturing Company (Northampton, MA) one of first to produce toothbrushes in U.S.; 1885 - began manufacturing a popular model called Pro-phy-lac-tic Brush; May 11, 1897 - registered "Keep Clean" trademark first used in October 1895 (brushes); July 8, 1902 - registered "Prophylactic" trademark first used April 21, 1902 (hair-brushes, nail-brushes, flesh-brushes, and tooth-brushes); 1924 - became first to box brushes to prevent contamination; 1938 - first nylon toothbrushes made by Du Pont.

August 22, 1865 - William Sheppard, of New York City, received a patent for "Improved Liquid Soap" ("by the addition of comparatively small quantities of common soap to a large quantity of spirite of ammonia or hartshorn is thickened to the consistency of molasses, and a liquid soap is obtained of superior detergent qualities").

1866 - Pro Brush Company (Florence, MA), well-established manufacturer of brushes (dating to 1843), changed name to the Florence Manufacturing Company; 1880s - began to produce toothbrushes in U.S.; 1884 - began to manufacture popular model called Pro-phy-lac-tic Brush; May 11, 1897 - registered "Keep Clean" trademark first used in October 1895 (brushes); July 8, 1902 - registered "Prophylactic" trademark first used April 21, 1902 (hair-brushes, nail-brushes, flesh-brushes, and tooth-brushes); 1924 - name changed to Pro-phy-lac-tic Brush Company; became first to box brushes to prevent contamination; 1938 - Du Pont introduced first nylon toothbrushes.

1872 - Arinobu Fukuhara (23), former chief pharmacist in navy hospital, established Shiseido, Japan's first western-style pharmacy in Ginza district of Tokyo to separate medical, dispensary practice in Japan; 1888 - introduced Japan's first toothpaste; 1897 - introduced Shiseido's Eudermine (skin lotion still sold today); marked shift from pharmaceuticals to cosmetics; 1937 - organized Camellia Club for loyal customers (grew to ten million, or one in six of all Japanese women); published Hanatsubaki, monthly magazine, to provide them with beauty information (still published); October 6, 1959 - Shiseido Company. Limited registered "Shiseido" ('all things are created by heaven') trademark in U. S. (dentifrices, perfumes, cosmetic skin creams and lotions, toilet waters, powders for the face and body...preparations for the hair..., etc.); 1965 -established Shiseido Cosmetics (America) Ltd.; 1989 - helped to jointly create The Massachusetts General Hospital-Harvard Cutaneous Biology Research Center, world's first comprehensive center dedicated to dermatological research (findings from here, our international laboratories incorporated into products); fifth largest cosmetics company in world (subsidiaries in approximately 65 countries).

Arinobu Fukuhara - Shiseido (http://www.toutenparfum.com/miniguide/element/arinobu.gif)

September 26, 1876 - Fritz Henkel (28) and two partners founded Henkel & Cie in Aachen, Germany; first product was washing powder based on water-glass; 1878 - brand name Henkel's Bleich-Soda and lion, together with paper bag package, formed legally "deposited" trademark; 1884 - started to sell merchandise in addition to detergents (colorant ultramarine [laundry bluing agent], gloss starch, liquid cleaning agent, pomade for cleaning, beef extract, hair pomade); 1896 - traveling sales staff active throughout Germany; 1893 - Fritz Henkel (17) joined company; 1896 - Henkel's Bleich-Soda and lion picture registered as trademark; 1900 - sales exceeded 10 million 500-gram packets; 1904 - transformed into general commercial partnership; June 6, 1907 - Persil (per-borate + sil-icate), world's first self-acting detergent, launched (housewives could obtain clean, dazzling white laundry after boiling it just once, without rubbing and bleaching); April 23, 1935 - registered Persil as trademark (preparation for washing, bleaching, and disinfecting purposes); 1960 - entered USA chemical products market with acquisition of Standard Chemical Products Inc.; 1977 - acquired General Mills Chemicals Inc. and its international subsidiaries in Japan, Brazil Ireland (world market leader in natural-sourced vitamin E, leading manufacturer of copper extraction products, polyamides, epoxy hardeners in the US); 1984 - took over adhesives business of Monarch/Adams Adhesives Ltd., became market leader in Great Britain; 1988 - sales exceeded 10 billion DM for first time; 1997 - acquired Loctite Corporation, major supplier of do-it-yourself, household adhesives, leading specialist in engineering adhesives worldwide; sales exceeded 20 billion DM; 2002 - standardized worldwide image, used its slogan "Henkel: A Brand like a Friend", new corporate design; 2004 - acquired The Dial Corporation, manufacturer of detergents, consumer products; biggest acquisition in history of company to date; about 25% of sales now generated in the US.

Fritz Henkel - founded Henkel & Cie (http://www.henkel.com/com/content_images/3958_72dpi_171H_171W.jpg)

1878 - Gerhard Heinrich Mennen, German immigrant, established company in Newark, NJ; sold fragrances, "borated" talc; April 23, 1918 - Gerhard Mennen Chemical Co. registered "Mennen's" trademark first used in July 1889 (bath-powder); introduced first canned talcum powder, shaving cream in a tube, stick deodorant; June 2, 1959 - Mennen Company registered "Speed Stick" trademark first used September 30, 1957 (men's deodorant); 1992 - acquired by Colgate-Palmolive for $670 million.

1879  - James N. Gamble, son of founder of Procter & Gamble, developed Ivory Soap - by mistake; too much air was mixed in with a batch of the company's White Soap; it floated; Harley Procter, founder’s son, named soap "Ivory"; read the words "out of ivory palaces" in the Bible one Sunday in church, seemed a perfect match for the white soap's purity, mildness, and long-lasting qualities; first bar sold for about $.10; 1882 -  advertised Ivory Soap as "99 and 44/100% pure" ('unpure' = uncombined alkali, 0.11%; carbonates, 0.28%; and mineral matter, 0.17%); 1891 - "it floats" adopted as slogan; January 7, 1908 - P & G registered "Ivory Soap" trademark first used July 18, 1879 (soap for laundry, toilet, and general use).

1895 - Frederic Martin Sr. founded Columbus Washboard Company, built washboards for resale in his backyard in Columbus, OH; February 5, 1907 - received a patent for a "Washboard" ("improved metallic plate having a series of staggered projections upon the face thereof...adapted for use as a rubbing-plate for washboards...so as to effetcually wash the clothes rubbin thereon"); 1925 - Frederic Martin Jr. acquired assets of Company from his father; 1941 - peak year, sold 1,287,757 washboards; 1926 to 1955 - total washboards produced, sold exceeded 15,000,000; 1955 to 1975 - washboard sales declined to total of 5,000,000; 1926 to 1987 - produced, sold over 23,000,000 washboards; late 1960s - only original washboard manufacturer in United States; 1987 - Pat Taylor (niece) inherited business; 1998 - acquired by George K. Richards, president of Columbus-based wholesale-pharmaceutical company, in partnership with six friends.

February 22, 1895 - Lever Brothers, Limited registered Lifebuoy Common Soap trademark.

February 18, 1896 - Black American inventor, Henry Grenon received a patent for a "Razor Stropping Device"; designed to handle razor while stropping it, provided for razor to automatically turn on its back when direction of motion of travelers reversed.

1898 - B. J. Johnson Soap Company of Milwaukee, WI introduced a soap made of palm and olive oils (named Palmolive); July 18, 1916 - registered "Palmolive" trademark (face and greaseless creams, talcum and face powders, and shampoo preparations);  1917 - name changed to Palmolive product so successful); 1927 - merges with Peet Brothers Co. (Palmolive-Peet).

September 28, 1901 - King Camp Gillette (traveling salesman for Baltimore Seal Company), William Emery Nickerson (MIT-trained inventor) founded American Safety Razor Company to sell razor blades (stamped steel disposable blades vs. forged blades) in multiple packages, with razor handle a one-time purchase; July 1902 - name changed to Gillette Safety Razor Company; October 1903 - first ad appeared in Systems Magazine; November 15, 1904 - King C. Gillette, of Brookline, MA, received patent for a "Razor" ("particularly applicable to razors of the safety type"); safety razor and safety blade; sold 90,000 razors, over 12 million blades; September 1, 1908 - Gillette Safety Razor Co. registered "Gillette" trademark first used May 16, 1908 (shaving brushes).

November 3, 1903 - Lambert Pharmacal Company (St. Louis, MO) registered "Listerine" trademark first used may 1, 1881 (liquid chemical or medical preparation manufactured by us under a private formula and more especially known as an antiseptic [disinfectant, or germacide, and as such it is employed in dental practice as a tooth and mouthwash for its antiseptic and prophylactic effect, and also as a detergent and medical wash and lotion in treating diseased conditions of the skin and as a toilet preparation in all matters of personal hygiene]).

1910 - Phillip Drackett (56), former pharmacist, enetered bulk chemical brokerage business in Cincinnati, OH; 1915 - incorporated P. W. Drackett & Sons Co.; sold chemicals (lye, ammonia, epsom salt); 1922 - introduced Drano - first consumer product, developed from lye (corrosive cleaner made by leaching wood ashes); name changed to Drackett Chemical Co.; 1933 - name changed to Drackett Co.; 1935 - introduced Windex, first successful glass cleaner on market; 1957 - launched Twinkle brass and silver polishes; 1958 - acquired Judson Dunaway Corp. (Vanish, toilet bowl disinfectant, Delete stain remover); 1965 - sales of $58.5 million, acquired by Bristol-Myers; 1966 - introduced Liquid Drano; 1969 - acquired, aggressively promoted Renuzit solid air freshener; 1992 - acquired by S. C. Johnson for $1.5 billion = merger of 1st and 5th competitors in polishes, sanitation goods.

May 3, 1913 - Edward Hughes (seller of wood, coal, grain hay), Charles Husband (bookkeeper at paper-bag factory), William Hussey (miner, only one with any practical knowledge of chemistry), Rufus Myers (lawyer), Archibald Taft (president of local Harbor Bank) invested $100 apiece to set up Electro-Alkaline Company, America's first commercial-scale liquid bleach factory in Oakland, CA; plan was to convert brine available in abundance from nearby salt ponds of San Francisco Bay into sodium hypochlorite bleach, using a sophisticated and technologically demanding process of electrolysis; August 13, 1913 - Abel M. Hamblet, engineer for equipment supplier, suggested name "Clorox" for new product, from words "chlorine" and "sodium hydroxide" (combination formed bleach's active ingredient); 1914 - named their product Clorox® bleach; February 16, 1915 - Electro-Alkaline Company registered "Clorox Liquid Bleach Cleanser Germicide" trademark first used July 15, 1914 (bleaching, cleansing, and antiseptic compounds); 1916 - distribution throughout San Francisco Bay Area; sales of $14,237; 1921 - went public; 1922 - reincorporated as Clorox Chemical Corporation; 1928 - name changed to Clorox Chemical Co.; 1953 - first television commercials aired; largest share of U.S. household bleach market; 1957 - name changed to The Clorox Company; annual sales over $40 million; August 1957 - acquired by Procter & Gamble Company; January 2, 1969 - company gained full, formal autonomy as publicly held corporation (U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Procter & Gamble had to sell The Clorox Company because of monopoly in production, sale of household liquid bleaches); 1974 - minority position acquired by Henkel to facilitate production, sale of products for household, bulk consumers in the US, Canada, Puerto Rico.

April 24, 1923 - Jacob Schick, of Jersey City, NJ, received a patent for a "Safety Razor" ("adapted to use what are commonly known as 'wafer blades'"); 1925 - founded Magazine Repeating Razor ("to use the principles of repeating firearms in a safety razor not much larger than a good-sized fountain pen") to market shaving device; May 18, 1926 - Jacob Schick, of Jersey City, NJ, received a patent for a "Razor and Blade Holder Therefor" ("improved safety razor"); assigned to Repeating Razor Company (NJ); March 1, 1927 - Schick Incorporated registered "Schick" trademark (safety razors and razor blades); December 13, 1927 - received patent  for a "Safety Razor" ("adapted to be folded to form an elongated compact form for easy packing and convenient carrying"); July 23, 1929 - Jacob Schick, of Stamford, CT, received a patent for a "Shaving Implement" ("a shear plate that rests against the skin and has a cutter operating under the plate to cut the hairs"); electric razor; March 18, 1931 - Schick Inc. marketed first electric razor; March 24, 1931 - received patent for a "Safety Razor ("to provide a blade feeding device which is not subject to jamming"); assigned to Repeating Razor Company; May 19, 1931 - received patent for "Shaving Equipment" ("to provide a neat compact razor case with a feeding means for the blades").

Col. Jacob Schick - safety razors (http://iavbbs.com/gflinn/schick.gif)

October 10, 1933 - Procter & Gamble introduced Dreft, first detergent with synthetic surfactants (synthetic surface-active agents) for home use; eliminated problems associated with soap (used to clean clothes for nearly 2,000 years, but poor performance in hard water); discovery of detergent technology - result of P&G researchers' creating special two-part "miracle molecules," one end of which pulled grease and dirt out of clothes while the other clung to water, suspending dirt until it could be washed away; September 19, 1944 - registered "Dreft" trademark first used October 10, 1933 (Sudsing Cleaner, Cleanser, and Detergent).

March 9, 1937 - Jacob L. Barowsky (Adell Chemical Co.) registered "Lestoil" trademark first used September 24, 1936 (cleansing composition in liquid form added as an aid to aqueous cleansing compositions used in laundries); June 1996 - acquired by Clorox Co.

(Bear Creek Ice Company), F. Charles Petrillo (1998). Albert Lewis, The Bear Creek Lumber and Ice King: The Bear Creek Ice Company. (Kearney, NB: Morris Pub., 237 p.). Lewis, Albert, 1840-1923; Bear Creek Ice Company--History; Industrialists--Pennsylvania--Biography; Ice industry--Pennsylvania--History; Lumber trade--Pennsylvania--History.