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March 3, 1821
- Thomas L. Jennings, of New York, NY, received a patent for
"Dry Scouring Clothes"; cleaning process; first black man to be
granted a patent.
October 14, 1834
-
Henry Blair of Glenross,
MD, received a patent for a "Seed Planter"; August 31, 1836
- received patent for a "Cotton-Planter"; cotton seed planter.
February 22, 1870
-
Black American
inventor Thomas Elkins, of Albany, NY, received a
patent for a
"Dining, Ironing Table and Quilting Frame Combined";
January 9, 1872 - received a patent for a "Chamber
Commode" ("a bureau, mirror, book-rack, washstand, table,
easy-chair, and earth-closet or chamber-stool"); November 4, 1879 -
received a patent for a "Refrigerating Apparatus" for "food or corpses,"
which provides a convenient container and method of chilling
using the evaporation of water.
November 30, 1875
-
Alexander P. Ashbourne,
of Oakland, CA, received a
patent for "Biscuit-Cutters".
February 3, 1880
- Black American inventor, Joseph W. Waller of Baltimore,
MD, received A Patent for a "Shoemaker's Cabinet or
Bench"; design combined cabinet and calf-skin seat with
compartments and divisions for boxes, jars and bottles; pockets
for holding various tools; provided with a lamp for heating
purposes and a groove for stones for sharpening tools; entire
assembly could be shipped as a compact box.
February 5, 1884
- Black American inventor Willis Johnson of Cincinnati,
OH, received a patent for an "Egg Beater"; designed so
that eggs, batter and similar ingredients used by bakers or
confectioners could be mixed intimately, efficiently.
July 14, 1885
- Sarah E. Goode, of Chicago, IL, received a patent for a
"Cabinet Bed" ("that class of sectional bedsteads adapted to be
folded together when not in use, so as to occupy less space, and
made generally top resemble some article of furniture when so
folded"); first black woman to receive a U.S. patent.
December 23, 1884 -
Black
American inventor, Albert B. Blackburn, of Springfield, OH,
received a patent
for a "Railroad-Signal" ("...a bell is rung through the
action of a mechanism put in motion by a moving train");
January 10, 1888 -
received a patent for "Railway-Signal"
("...in which the signal is operated by the wheels of the
train")
December
11, 1888 - Black American inventor, Henry Creamer,
of New York, NY, received a patent for a "Steam-Trap and Feeder"
("...for purpose of conducting water or condensation from steam
pipes, radiators, engines, etc., back to the boiler"); received
five patents on
steam traps between 1887 and 1893.
May 27, 1890 - Black American inventor Frank J.
Ferrell, of New York, NY, received a patent for an "Apparatus for
Melting Snow",
a cast-iron box laid beneath street gutter, heated with
steam.
October
15, 1890 - William R. Pettiford founded Alabama Penny Savings
Bank in Birmingham, AL with $2,000 in capital; Alabama's first
African American-owned bank , first of three banks in nation
owned, operated by African Americans in the early 1900s.
February 23, 1892 - Black
American inventor, Peter D. Smith, of Springfield, OH, received
a patent for a "Grain Binder", way to form
binding-rope for sheaf from wisp or portion of cut grain and mechanism to be applied to reaper to perform this, knot the
rope around sheaf and eject it.
August 13, 1892 - Former
slave John H. Murphy, Sr. began publishing U.S. black newspaper,
"Afro-American" in Baltimore, MD; merged his church publication
with two others; 1922 - newspaper grew from a
one-page weekly church publication into most widely circulated
black paper along the coastal Atlantic, used to challenge Jim
Crow practices in Maryland; more than 100,000 regular readers;
Afro-American Newspapers is leading news provider for
African-Americans in the Baltimore / Washington, DC Metropolitan
area, longest running African-American, family-owned newspaper
in the nation; fourth generation members of the Murphy family
continue to manage the paper.
January 8, 1894 - Black American inventor
Fredrick J. Loudin, of Ravenna, OH, received a patent for a "Key
Fastener", an early anti-theft device; December 12,
1893 - received a patent for a window "Fastener for the
Meeting Rails of Sashes"; permitted window to be locked
when either closed or partially opened.
February
4, 1896 - Black American inventor, Willie H. Johnson, of
Navasota, Texas, received a patent for a "Mechanism for
Overcoming Dead Centers"; occur in machines when shaft is
driven by a crank; October 11, 1898 -
received a second
patent for an improvement to his design.
December 8, 1896
-
Black-American inventor
John T. White, of New York, NY received a patent
for a "Lemon-Squeezer"; made squeezing lemons
and straining the juice easy, kept hands clean while juicing.
February 2, 1897
-
Alfred L. Cralle, of Pittsburgh, PA, received a
patent for an "Ice-Cream Mold and Disher" ("...that may
be conveniently operated with one hand"); made to be strong and
durable, effective, inexpensive, able to keep ice cream and
other foods from sticking and easy to operate with one hand;
basic design is so efficient that it is seen still in use today.
November
23, 1897 - Andrew Jackson Beard,
of Eastlake, AL, received a patent for a "Car Coupling"
("...in which horizontal jaws engage each other to connect the
cars"); "Jenny Coupler" hooked railroad cars together by allowing them to
bump into each other when "horizontal jaws engage each other to
connect the cars"; received $50,000 for the patent rights; other
patents included a steam driven rotary engine and a double plow.
November
23, 1897 - John Lee Love of Fall
River, MA, received a patent for a "Pencil-Sharpener"
("...simple in construction and operation and which is also
adapted to serve as a paper-weight, desk ornament, and for other
and similar purposes"); pencil put into opening of sharpener, rotated, shavings stay inside sharpener; by rotating
the outer case, internal gears turn pencil sharpener blade
around inserted pencil.
November
23, 1897 - Elbert R. Robinson,
of Chicago, IL, received a patent for a "Casting Composite or
Other Car-Wheels"; method in which outer sides are of one metal, interior portions are of another metal; enabled casting
a metal of high electrical conductivity (brass) in a groove of
an iron trolley wheel, permitted new construction; 1894
- previous patent awarded for an "electric railway
trolley."
November 30, 1897
-
James A. Sweeting, of New York, NY, received a
patent for a "Device for Rolling Cigarettes".
December
12, 1899 - George F. Grant, a
dentist of Boston, MA, received a patent for a "Golf Tee"
("a simple, cheap, and effective tee for use in the game of
golf, obviating the use of the usual conical mounds of sand or
similar material formed by the fingers of the player on which
the ball is supported when driving off. While the tee must
firmly, yet lightly, support the ball until hit by the player's
club, the tee must be so constructed that it will not in any
manner interfere with the swing or 'carry through' of the club
in making the stroke"); wooden tee with tapered base,
flexible, tubular, concave shoulder to hold golf ball; didn't market tees, gave some
away.
November 20, 1923 - African-American Garrett
A. Morgan, of Cleveland, OH, received a patent for a "Traffic
Signal"; automatic traffic signal to make streets
safer for motorists and pedestrians (had seen an automobile
crash into a horse-drawn carriage); echnology for Morgan traffic signal
acquired by General Electric Corporation for
$40,000.
February 12, 1970
- Joseph Louis Searles III became first black member of New York Stock
Exchange.
October 30, 1991 -
BET Holdings Inc. became first African-American company listed
on New York Stock Exchange.
(Alexander & Company), Theodore
Martin Alexander, Sr. (1993).
Beyond the Timberline The Trials and Triumphs of a Black
Entrepreneur. (Edgewood, MD: E.E. Duncan and Company,
269 p.). Alexander, Theodore Martin, Sr.; Alexander &
Company--History. Entrepreneurship.
(Atlanta Life Insurance Company), Alexa Benson
Henderson (1990).
Atlanta Life Insurance Company: Guardian of Black Economic
Dignity. (Tuscaloosa, AL: University of Alabama Press,
251 p.). Atlanta Life Insurance Company--History;
Insurance--United States--History; Afro-Americans--Economic
conditions.
(Beatrice), Reginald F. Lewis and Blair S.
Walker (1995).
Why Should White Guys Have All the Fun?: How Reginald Lewis
Created a Billion-Dollar Business Empire. (New York, NY:
Wiley, 318 p.). Lewis, Reginald F., 1942-1993; African American
businesspeople--Biography; Millionaires--United
States--Biography; TLC Beatrice International Holdings.
(BET), Brett Pulley (2004).
The Billion Dollar BET: Robert Johnson and the Inside Story of
Black Entertainment Television. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 248
p.). Senior Editor (Forbes). Johnson, Robert, 1946 April 8- ;
Black Entertainment Television History; Television broadcasting
United States; Executives United States Biography.
(Archie Boston Graphic Design), Archie Boston
(2001).
Fly in the Buttermilk: Memoirs of an African American in
Advertising, Design & Design Education. (Los Angeles,
CA: Archie Boston Graphic Design, 185 p.). Boston, Archie, 1943-
; African Americans in advertising--Biography; African American
executives--Biography; African Americans--Social conditions.
(Broadside Press), Julius E. Thompson (1999).
Dudley Randall, Broadside Press, and the Black Arts Movement in
Detroit, 1960-1995. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 344 p.).
Randall, Dudley, 1914- ; Broadside Press; American
literature--African American
authors--Publishing--Michigan--Detroit; Literature
publishing--Michigan--Detroit--History--20th century; Publishers
and publishing--United States--Biography; Publishers and
publishing--Michigan--Detroit; African American
arts--Michigan--Detroit; Poets, American--20th
century--Biography; African American poets--Biography.
(Carol's Daughter Inc.), Lisa Price and Hilary
Beard (2004).
Success Never Smelled So Sweet: How I Followed My Nose and Found
My Passion. (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 226 p.).
Founder (Carol's Daughter, Inc.). Price, Lisa, 1962- ; Carol's
Daughter, Inc.; African American businesspeople New York (State)
New York Biography; Businesswomen New York (State) New York
Biography; Toilet preparations industry United States.
Overcoming life's obstacles, relying on talents, pursuing
dreams; built $2 million line of bath, beauty
products.
(Centennial One),
Lillian Lincoln Lambert with Rosemary
Brutico (2010).
The Road to Someplace Better: From the Segregated South to
Harvard Business School and Beyond. (Hoboken, NJ:
Wiley, 238 p.). Founder, President and CEO of Centennial One,
Inc.; Former Managing Editor of MIT's Sloan Management Review.
Lambert, Lillian Lincoln, 1940-; Centennial One, Inc.; African
American women executives -- Biography; African American
businesspeople -- Biography. From humble
beginnings as poor farm girl in segregated South to first black
woman to earn MBA from Harvard Business School (1969) to
founder, president, CEO of Centennial One, Inc., building
maintenance company (founded in 1976 in her garage with a few
thousand dollars), $20 million in sales, 1,200 employees); no
substitute for education, no shortcuts.
(Chicago Metropolitan Assurance Company),
Robert E. Weems, Jr. (1996).
Black Business in the Black Metropolis: The Chicago Metropolitan
Assurance Company, 1925-1985. (Bloomington, IN: Indiana
University Press, 158 p.). Chicago Metropolitan Assurance
Company -- History; Insurance companies -- Middle West --
History; African American business enterprises -- Middle West --
History.
(Coldwell Banker Middleton and Associates),
Earl M. Middleton; with Joy W. Barnes (2008).
Knowing Who I Am: A Black Entrepreneur’s Struggle and Success in
the American South. (Columbia, SC: University of South
Carolina Press, 183 p.). Founder and Owner of Coldwell Banker
Middleton and Associates, one of the largest real-estate
brokerages in Orangeburg, SC; 30-year employee of Middleton
companies. Middleton, Earl M., 1919- ; South Carolina. General
Assembly. House of Representatives--Biography; African American
businesspeople--South Carolina--Biography; Businessmen--South
Carolina--Biography; African American legislators--South
Carolina--Biography; Legislators--South Carolina--Biography;
African Americans--South Carolina--Social conditions--20th
century; World War, 1939-1945--Participation, African American;
South Carolina--Social conditions--20th century; South
Carolina--Biography. 1942
- trained as Tuskegee Airman; infantry soldier in Pacific
theater; 1946 - returned to Orangeburg, SC, became barber,
restaurant owner, began real-estate, insurance salesman as
sideline in back of barbershop, grew into one of largest, most
profitable real-estate firms in Orangeburg; reputation for
superior knowledge and service.
(Consolidated Bank and Trust Company),
Gertrude Woodruff Marlowe (2003).
A Right Worthy Grand Mission: Maggie Lena Walker and the Quest
for Black Economic Empowerment. (Washington, DC: Howard
University Press, 286 p.). Walker, Maggie Lena, 1867-1934;
African American women--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African
Americans--Virginia--Richmond--Biography;
Businesswomen--Virginia--Richmond--Biography;
Bankers--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; Civic
leaders--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African
Americans--Virginia--Richmond--Economic conditions; Richmond
(Va.)--Biography; Richmond (Va.)--Race relations.
(Def Jam Records), Kevin Liles; with Samantha
Marshall (2005).
Make It Happen: The Hip Hop Guide to Success. (New York,
NY: Atria Books, 256 p.). Former President, Def Jam records.
Success in business--Handbooks, manuals, etc.
(Esther's Beauty Supply Company), Joseph
Osborne (1994).
Washing the Elephant: The Authorized Biography of Bettie Esther
Parham. (Pittsburgh, PA: Dorrance, 175 p.). Parham,
Bettie Esther; Esther's Beauty Supply Company; African American
women executives -- Biography; African American businesspeople
-- Biography; Businesswomen -- United States -- Biography; Hair
preparations industry -- United States.
(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Leroy Robinson
(1983).
The Famous Amos Story: The Face That Launched a Thousand Chips.
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 201 p.). Founder, Famous Amos
Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation. Amos, Wally; Famous Amos
Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation; Businessmen -- United States
-- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States; African American
businesspeople -- Biography.
(Famous Amos), Wally Amos, with Camilla Denton
(1994).
Man With No Name: Turn Lemons into Lemonade. (Lower
Lake, CA: Aslan Pub., 154 p.). Amos, Wally; Uncle Nonamé Cookie
Company; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie Corporation;
Businessmen -- United States -- Biography; African American
businesspeople -- Biography; Cookie industry -- United States.
(Famous Amos), Wally Amos and Eden-Lee Murray
(2001).
The Cookie Never Crumbles. (New York, NY: St. Martin's
Press, 202 p.). Amos, Wally; Famous Amos Chocolate Chip Cookie
Corporation; Businessmen--United States--Biography; Cookie
industry--United States.
(James Forten & Sons), Julie Winch (2002).
A Gentleman of Color: The Life of James Forten. (New
York: Oxford University Press, 501 p.). Forten, James,
1766-1842; African Americans--Biography; African American
abolitionists--Biography; African American soldiers--Biography;
African American
businesspeople--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography; Free
African Americans--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography;
Sailmakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--Biography; Philadelphia
(Pa.)--Biography.
(Fly Clean), Eddie Hinton as
told to Lynne Washburn (1988).
Locker Room to Boardroom: Super Bowl Player Eddie Hinton's
Strategies for Tackling Life's Choices, Challenges, and Changes.
(Sugar Land, TX: Candle Pub. Co., 183 p.). Founder (Fly Clean).
Hinton, Eddie, 1947- ; Hinton, Eddie, 1947- ; Football
players--United States--Biography; Businesspeople--United
States--Biography; Football players; Businesspeople; African
Americans--Biography.
(Harlem Office Supply, Inc.),
Dorothy Pitman Hughes (2000).
Wake Up and Smell the Dollars! Whose Inner-City Is This Anyway!:
One Woman's Struggle Against Sexism, Classism, Racism,
Gentrification, and the Empowerment Zone. ( Phoenix, AZ:
Amber Books, 214 p.). CEO of Harlem Office Supply, Inc. Hughes,
Dorothy Pitman; African American business enterprises; Small
business--United States; Enterprise zones; Women-owned business
enterprises; African American businesspeople--Biography.
(Harper Method), Jane R. Plitt (2000).
Martha Matilda Harper and the American Dream: How One Woman
Changed the Face of Modern Business. (Syracuse, NY:
Syracuse University Press, 184 p.). Visiting Scholar (University
of Rochester). Harper, Martha Matilda--Biography;
Businesswomen--United States--Biography; Beauty shop supplies
industry--Management.
(Hotel Theresa), Sondra Kathryn Wilson (2004).
Meet Me at the Theresa: The Story of Harlem's Most Famous Hotel.
(New York, NY: Atria Books, 270 p.). Associate (W.E.B. Du Bois
Institute, Harvard University). Hotel Theresa (New York,
N.Y.)--History; Harlem (New York, N.Y.)--Buildings, structures,
etc.; Harlem (New York, N.Y.)--Social life and customs--20th
century; New York (N.Y.)--Buildings, structures, etc.; New York
(N.Y.)--Social life and customs--20th century; African
Americans--New York (State)--New York--Social life and
customs--20th century.
(Inner City Broadcasting Corp.), Farrah Gray,
with Fran Harris (2004).
Reallionaire: Nine Steps to Becoming Rich from the Inside Out.
(Deerfield Beach, FL: Health Communications, 282 p.). Publisher,
INNERCITY Magazine. Finance, Personal; Financial security.
(Johnson Publishing), John H. Johnson with
Lerone Bennett, Jr. (1989).
Succeeding Against the Odds. (New York, NY: Warner
Books, 372 p.). Founder, Johnson Publishing Company. Johnson,
John H. (John Harold), 1918- ; Publishers and publishing--United
States--Biography; Afro-American
periodicals--Publishing--History--20th century; Afro-American
business enterprises--History--20th century; Executives--United
States--Biography.
(Kidder Peabody), Joseph Jett
with Sabra Chartrand (1999).
Black and White on Wall Street: The Untold Story of the Man
Wrongly Accused of Bringing Down Kidder Peabody. (New
York, NY: Morrow, 387 p.). Jett, Joseph; Kidder, Peabody &
Co.--Employees--Biography; Insider trading in securities--United
States; Securities industry--Corrupt practices--United States.
(Mark Twain Hotel), Sunnie Wilson with John
Cohassey (1998).
Toast of the Town: The Life and Times of Sunnie Wilson.
(Detroit, MI: Wayne State University Press, 200 p.). Wilson,
Sunnie, 1908- ; Louis, Joe, 1914- ;
Hotelkeepers--Michigan--Detroit--Biography; African American
businesspeople--Michigan--Detroit; Detroit (Mich.)--History.
(Michele Foods), Michele Hoskins with Jean A.
Williams (2004).
Sweet Expectations: Michele Hoskins' Recipe for Success.
(Avon, MA: Adams Media, 262 p.). Founder (Michele Foods, Inc.).
Hoskins, Michele; Michele Foods; African American businesspeople
Illinois Biography; Businesswomen Illinois Biography; Syrup
industry Illinois.
(Motown Record Corporation), Nelson George
(1985).
Where Did Our Love Go?: The Rise & Fall of the Motown Sound.
(New York, NY: St. Martin's Press, 250 p.). Motown Record
Corporation; Soul music--History and criticism; Afro-American
musicians.
(Motown Record Corporation), Don Waller
(1985).
The Motown Story. (New York, NY: Scribner, 256 p.).
Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording industry--United
States.
(Motown Record Corporation), Sharon Davis
(1988).
Motown: The History. (Enfield, Middlesex, UK: Guiness
Pub., 368 p.). Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording
industry--United States.
(Motown Record Corporation), Berry Gordy
(1994).
To Be Loved: The Music, the Magic, the Memories of Motown: An
Autobiography. (New York, NY: Warner Books, 432 p.).
Gordy, Berry; Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording
executives and producers--United States--Biography.
(Motown Record Corporation), Bill Dahl (2001).
Motown: The Golden Years. (Iola, WI: Krause, 349 p.).
Motown Record Corporation--History; Soul music--History and
criticism; Soul musicians--United States.
(Motown Record Corporation), Gerald Posner
(2003).
Motown: Money, Power, Sex, and Music. (New York, NY:
Random House, 350 p.). Former Wall Street Lawyer. Gordy, Berry;
Motown Record Corporation; Sound recording industry--United
States; Sound recording executives and producers--United
States--Biography.
(Newark Eagles), James Overmyer (1998).
Queen of the Negro Leagues: Effa Manley and the Newark Eagles.
(Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press, 297 p. [rev. ed.]). Manley, Effa,
1900- ; Newark Eagles (Baseball team) -- History; Baseball team
owners -- United States -- Biography; African American business
enterprises; Women-owned business enterprises -- United States;
Negro leagues.
(North Carolina Mutual Life - founded in 1898
by Charles Clinton Spaulding), Jesse E. Gloster (1976).
North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company, Its Historical
Development and Current Operations. (New York, NY: Arno
Press, 349 p.). North Carolina Mutual Life Insurance Company;
Afro-American businessmen.
(S.I.A. Plastics), Catharo Brown, as told to
Paul G. Wilson (2000).
Molding a Business: Opportunity for You. (Kearney, NE:
Morris Publishing, 146 p.). Brown, Catharo; S.I.A. Plastics;
African American
businesspeople--Wisconsin--Milwaukee--Biography; African
American business enterprises--Wisconsin--Milwaukee;
Entrepreneurship--Wisconsin--Milwaukee; African
Americans--Wisconsin--Milwaukee--Biography; Plastics industry
and trade--Wisconsin--Milwaukee.
(Simmons Royalty Co.), Jonathan D. Greenberg
(1990).
Staking a Claim: Jake Simmons and the Making of an
African-American Oil Dynasty. (New York, NY: Atheneum,
311 p.). Simmons, Jake, 1901-1981; African American
businesspeople --Biography; Petroleum industry and trade
--United States --History; Petroleum industry and trade
--Africa, West --History; Civil rights movements --United States
--History. World's first internationally recognized black
oilman; most recognizable black entrepreneur in history of
petroleum industry; first black appointed to National Petroleum
Council; opened oil trading with emerging independent African
states, served as intermediary between white American oil
executives, politicians on both continents.
(Supreme Life), Robert Christian Puth (1976).
Supreme Life: The History of a Negro Life Insurance Company.
(New York, NY: Arno Press, 293 p. [orig. pub. 1968]). Supreme
Life Insurance Company of America; Afro-American businesspeople.
(Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Co.),
A'Lelia Bundles (2001).
On Her Own Ground: The Life and Times of Madam C.J. Walker.
(New York, NY: Scribner, 415 p.). Great-great Granddaughter.
Walker, C. J., Madam, 1867-1919; Afro-American women
executives--Biography; Cosmetics industry--United
States--History.
(Madam C. J. Walker Manufacturing Co.),
Beverly Lowry (2003).
Her Dream of Dreams: The Rise and Triumph of Madam C.J. Walker.
(New York, NY: Knopf, 481 p.). Head of Creative Non-Fiction
Program (George Mason University). Walker, C. J., Madam,
1867-1919; African American women executives--Biography;
Cosmetics industry--United States--History.
Donna Ballard (1997).
Doing It for Ourselves: Success Stories of African-American
Women in Business. (New York, NY: Berkley Books, 150
p.). Former Bond Analyst at Merrill Lynch & Co. African American
women executives--Interviews.
Gregory S. Bell (2002).
In the Black: A History of African Americans on Wall Street.
(New York, NY: Wiley, 294 p.). African American capitalists and
financiers--Biography; Securities industry--United
States--History.
Tim Brooks (2004).
Lost sounds: Blacks and the Birth of the Recording Industry,
1890-1919. (Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press,
634 p.). Executive Vice President of Research (Lifetime
Television). African Americans -- Music -- History and
criticism; Sound recording industry -- History; Music -- United
States -- History and criticism.
John Sibley Butler (2005).
Entrepreneurship and Self-Help Among Black Americans: A
Reconsideration of Race and Economics. (Albany, NY:
State University of New York Press, 402 p.). African
Americans--Economic conditions; African American businesspeople;
Entrepreneurship--United States.
Harold Eugene Byrd (1977).
The Black Experience in Big Business. (Hicksville, NY:
Exposition Press, 143 p.). Byrd, Harold Eugene; African American
businesspeople--Biography; Big business--United States.
Jason Chambers (2007).
Madison Avenue and the Color Line: African Americans in the
Advertising Industry. (Philadelphia, PA: University of
Pennsylvania Press, 322p.). Teaches Advertising (University of
Illinois at Urbana-Champaign). African Americans in advertising;
Advertising--United States--History; African American consumers;
African Americans and mass media. History
of black advertising employees, agency owners; how blacks
struggled to bring equality to advertising industry; blacks
positioned themselves as experts on black consumer market,
altered stereotypical perceptions of black consumers; became
part of broader effort to build African American professional,
entrepreneurial class, challenge negative portrayals of blacks
in American culture.
Caroline V. Clarke (2001).
Take a Lesson: Today's Black Achievers on How They Made It and
What They Learned Along the Way. (New York, NY: Wiley,
283 p.). Editor-at-Large (Black Enterprise Magazine). African
American businesspeople--Biography; African American
executives--Biography; Successful people--United
States--Biography; Success in business--United States--Case
studies.
Price M. Cobbs and Judith L. Turnock (2003).
Cracking the Corporate Code: The Revealing Success Stories of 32
African-American Executives. (New York, NY: American
Management Association, 287 p.). African American
executives--Interviews; African American executives--Case
studies; Success in business--United States.
Sharon M. Collins (1997).
Black Corporate Executives: The Making and Breaking of a Black
Middle Class. (Philadelphia, PA: Temple University
Press, 196 p.). African American
executives--Illinois--Chicago--Case studies; African
Americans--Employment--Case studies; Discrimination in
employment--United States--Case studies.
Ed Davis (1979).
One Man's Way. (Detroit, MI: E. Davis Associates, 194
p.). First African American Auto Dealer. Davis, Ed;
Businesspeople--United States--Biography; Automobile industry
and trade--United States.
George Davis and Glegg Watson (1982).
Black Life in Corporate America, Swimming in the Mainstream.
(Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 204 p.). African American
executives; African American businesspeople.
Floyd Dickens, Jr., Jacqueline B. Dickens
(1991).
The Black Manager: Making It in the Corporate World.
(New York, NY: American Management Association, 446 p.).
Afro-American executives; Career development--United States.
Derek Dingle (1999).
Black Enterprise Titans of the B.E. 100s: Black CEOs Who
Redefined and Conquered American Business. (New York,
NY: Wiley, 238 p.). African-American Enterprise,
African-American CEOs.
John P. Fernandez (1975).
Black Managers in White Corporations. (New York, NY:
Wiley, 308 p.). Executives--United States; African American
executives; African Americans--Employment.
Rayvon Fouché (2003).
Black Inventors in the Age of Segregation: Granville T. Woods,
Lewis H. Latimer, and Shelby J. Davidson. (Baltimore,
MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 225 p.). Assistant Professor
in the Department of Science and Technology Studies (Rensselaer
Polytechnic Institute). Woods, Granville, 1856-1910; Latimer,
Lewis Howard, 1848-1928; Davidson, Shelby J. (Shelby Jeames), b.
1868; African American inventors--Biography; Inventions--United
States--History--19th century; Inventions--United
States--History--20th century.
Earl G. Graves (1997).
How To Succeed in Business Without Being White: Straight Talk on
Making It in America. (New York, Y: HarperBusiness, 295
p.). Success in business; Afro-American businesspeople.
Jonathan D. Greenberg (1990).
Staking a Claim: Jake Simmons and the Making of an
African-American Oil Dynasty. (New York, NY: Atheneum,
311 p.). Simmons, Jake, 1901-1981; African American
businesspeople--Biography; Petroleum industry and trade--United
States--History; Petroleum industry and trade--Africa,
West--History; Civil rights movements--United States--History.
Theresa A. Hammond (2002).
A White-Collar Profession: African American Certified Public
Accountants Since 1921. (Chapel Hill, NC: University of
North Carolina Press, 216 p.). Associate Professor of
Accounting, Ernst & Young Research Fellow in Diversity Studies
(Boston College). Accounting--United States--History--20th
century; African American Accountants--Biography.
Wendy Harris (2001).
Against All Odds: Ten Entrepreneurs Who Followed Their Hearts
and Found Success. (New York, NY: Wiley, 237 p.).
African American businesspeople--Biography;
Businesspeople--Biography; Entrepreneurship--Biography; Business
enterprises, Black.
Lynn M. Hudson (2003).
The Making of "Mammy Pleasant": A Black Entrepreneur in
Nineteenth-Century San Francisco. (Urbana, IL:
University of Illinois Press, 193 p.). Pleasant, Mary Ellen,
1814-1904; African American women -- Biography; African
Americans -- Biography; African American businesspeople --
California -- San Francisco -- Biography; Businesswomen --
California -- San Francisco -- Biography; San Francisco (Calif.)
-- Biography; San Francisco (Calif.) -- History -- 19th century;
African Americans -- California -- San Francisco -- History --
19th century; San Francisco (Calif.) -- Race relations.
Alusine Jalloh (1999).
African Entrepreneurship: Muslim Fula Merchants in Sierra Leone.
(Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies,
288 p.). Merchants--Sierra Leone--Freetow; Fula (African
people)--Sierra Leone--Freetown; Islam--Economic aspects--Sierra
Leone--Freetown; Entrepreneurship--Sierra Leone--Freetown
Carol Jenkins and Elizabeth Gardner Hines
(2005).
Black Titan: A.G. Gaston and the Making of a Black American
Millionaire. (New York, NY: Ballantine Books, 320 p.).
Gaston, A. G. (Arthur George), b. 1892; African American
businesspeople--Biography; Millionaires--United
States--Biography.
Whittington B. Johnson (1993). The
Promising Years, 1750-1830: The Emergence of Black Labor and
Business. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 272 p.). African
Americans--Economic conditions; African
Americans--Employment--History; African American
businesspeople--History.
Donald Franklin Joyce (1983).
Gatekeepers of Black Culture: Black-Owned Book Publishing in the
United States, 1817-1981. (Westport, CT: Greenwood
Press, 249 p.). Publishers and publishing--United
States--History; Book industries and trade--United
States--History; African American business enterprises--History.
Michael E. Lomax (2003).
Black Baseball Entrepreneurs, 1860-1901: Operating by Any Means
Necessary. (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 222
p.). Teacher of Physical Education, Sports Studies (University
of Georgia). African American baseball team
owners--History--19th century; Baseball--United
States--History--19th century; African American business
enterprises--History--19th century; Entrepreneurship--United
States--History--19th century.
Niki Butler Mitchell (2000).
The New Color of Success: Twenty Young Black Millionaires Tell
You How They're Making It. (Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub., 268
p.). Wealth--United States; Millionaires--United States;
Afro-American businesspeople--Interviews; Success in
business--United States--Case studies.
Janice Ward
Moss (2003).
The History and Advancement of African Americans in the
Advertising Industry, 1895-1999. (Lewiston,
NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 104 p.).
Advertising -- United States -- History;
African Americans in advertising;
African American consumers.
Gwendolyn Parker (1997).
Trespassing: My Sojourn in the Halls of Privilege. (New
York, NY: Houghton Mifflin, 209 p.). Harvard-educated,
ex-international tax lawyer and marketing manager on Wall Street
(10 years). Parker, Gwendolyn M.; Novelists, American--20th
century--Biography; African American novelists--Biography; Race
relations--United States.
Michael A. Plater (1996).
African American Entrepreneurship in Richmond, 1890-1940: The
Story of R.C. Scott. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 191
p.). Scott, R. C. (Robert Crafton), 1888-1957; African American
businesspeople--Virginia--Richmond--Biography; African American
business enterprises--Virginia--Richmond--History; Undertakers
and undertaking--Virginia--Richmond--History;
Entrepreneurship--Virginia--Richmond.
Ed. Carroll Pursell (2005).
A Hammer in Their Hands: Documentary History of Technology and
the African-American Experience. (Cambridge, MA: MIT
Press, 304 p.). Adjunct Professor of Modern History (Macquarie
University, Australia). Technology--United States--History;
Technology--Social aspects--United States--History; African
Americans--History.
ed. Bruce Sinclair (2004).
Technology and the African-American Experience: Needs and
Opportunities for Study. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 236
p.). Senior Fellow at the Dibner Institute (MIT), Formerly
Melvin Kranzberg Professor of the History of Technology (Georgia
Institute of Technology). Technology--United States--History;
Technology--Social aspects--United States--History.; African
Americans--History; United States--Race relations.
Cheryl A. Smith; Foreword by Laurent Parks
Daloz (2005).
Market Women: Black Women Entrepreneurs--Past, Present, and
Future. (Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers. African
American women executives; African American businesspeople;
Businesswomen--United States.
William R. Spivey (1991).
Succeeding in Corporate America: A Case Study of a Black
American Against the Odds. (New York, NY: Vantage Press,
133 p.). Spivey, William R., 1946- ; Success in business--United
States--Case studies; African American businesspeople--Case
studies; African American executives--Biography.
Juliet E.K. Walker (1998). The
History of Black Business in America: Capitalism, Race,
Entrepreneurship. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 482 p.).
Professor in the History Department (University of Texas at
Austin). Afro-American business enterprises--History.
ed. Juliet E.K. Walker (1999).
Encyclopedia of African American Business History.
(Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 721 p.). Professor in the
History Department (University of Texas at Austin).
Afro-American business enterprises--History; Afro-American
business enterprises--Encyclopedias; Slavery--United
States--Chronology.
Robert E.. Weems, Jr. (1998).
Desegregating the Dollar: African American Consumerism in the
Twentieth Century. (New York, NY: New York University
Press, 195 p.). African American consumers--History--20th
century; Racism--United States--History--20th century.
Michael D. Woodard (1997).
Black Entrepreneurs in America: Stories of Struggle and
Success. (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University
Press, 254 p.). Afro-American business
enterprises--Management--Case studies; Success in
business--United States--Case studies.
_________________________________________________________
Business History Links
Black Enterprise
http://www.blackenterprise.co.uk/
Black Enterprise Awards
http://www.blackenterpriseawards.com/
Launched in 1999, Black Enterprise is the ONLY regular publisher
of business news and events for its target audience. UK's only
independent national awards to celebrate, recognize and reward
African Caribbean and African British entrepreneurs and
corporate leaders.
The Black Inventor Online Museum
http://www.blackinventor.com/
This commercial site presents brief information about dozens of
Black inventors from the United States. Some entries include
portraits and images. Also includes a browsable timeline
covering 1721-1988. Searchable. Note: Does not include
bibliographic information.
Black Inventors, Patebt Holders List
http://inventors.about.com/od/blackinventors/a/Black_History.htm
Each listing has the name of the black inventor followed by the
patent number(s) which is the unique number assigned to an
invention when a patent is issued, the date the patent was
issued, and a description of the invention as written by the
inventor. If available, links are provided to in-depth articles,
biographies, illustrations and photos on each individual
inventor or patent.
Center for Black Business History,
Entrepreneurship, and Technology
http://www.utexas.edu/research/centerblackbusiness/
Founded at the University of Texas at Austin in 2002 by
Professor Juliet E. K. Walker (professor in the History
Department); first center established at any American college or
university that will provide a comprehensive, inclusive and
collaborative study of all aspects of black business from
various disciplines in the liberal arts, specifically within the
context of the impact of racial capitalism on black business
activity.
National Black Business Trade
Association
http://www.nbbta.org/
"Encouraging, Empowering, and Inspiring Black Entrepreneurs
Worldwide" - non-profit, self-help resource and networking
organization dedicated to improving the quality of life in the
Black community by uplifting, inspiring and promoting Black
businesses and entrepreneurship, through networking, seminars,
expos, the Internet, publications, access to capital and
technological support.
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