1602 - Shares of Dutch East India Company (Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie - V.O.C.) began trading on Amsterdam stock exchange (States-General of the Netherlands sponsored creation of single "United East Indies Company", granted 21-year monopoly over Asian trade; empowered to build forts, maintain armies, conclude treaties with Asian rulers; financial accounting only at end of each decade); first multinational corporation in world, first company to issue stock; beginning of trading in global equities.

1609 - Isaac le Maire, 8 others founded Grote Compagnie, secret company to trade in shares of Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie, company with monopoly patent on trade via Cape of Good Hope, Strait of Magellan, only known routes to Indies; sold VOC shares short = original short-seller (Le Maire had been merchant for the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, became largest shareholder in 1602 when all Dutch trading companies merged into VOC; forced out in 1605 over rumors that he did not submit receipts to share costs); 1610 - States-General of the Netherlands prohibited short sales of VOC stock; 1610-1611 - VOC stock rose about 200%; Le Maire suffered big losses; many members of his company went bankrupt; Le Maire left Amsterdam; 1614 - founded Austraalse Compagnie to discover passage from Atlantic to Pacific Ocean (outside VOC trading monopoly); discovered passage around Cape Horn, ships confiscated in breach of VOC patent; 1619 - court ruled ship unlawfully seized; 1621 - Dutch West India Company established, awarded monopoly patent on travels through Strait of Magellan, other routes region (contrary to rights granted to Austraalse Compagni); 1622 -Le Maire published his son's discoveries; court ruled that Austraalse Compagnie not allowed to trade in Indian region, did have right to travel across newly discovered route around Cape Horn; 1644 - decision upheld.

September 11, 1862 - Forty members organized San Francisco Stock and Exchange Board (adopted by-laws, elected officers) as marketplace for mining company stocks after Comstock Lode strike, first mining exchange; rented room in Montgomery Block; J. B. E. Cavallier President.

June 4, 1875 - Pacific Stock Exchange opened.

May 15, 1878 - Tokyo Stock Exchange formed; first public trading institution in Japan; April 1, 1949 - Tokyo Stock Exchange, in current form, founded; January 31, 2007 - TSE, NYSE agreed on alliance on technology, investment products, more.

November 13, 1879 - New York Stock Exchange installed telegraph, phone lines.

July 8, 1932 - Stock market fell to lowest point during Depression (41.22).

March 1, 1957 - Standard & Poor's Corporation (Standard Statistics Company merged with Poor's Publishing in 1941) introduced S & P 500 Index (with daily estimates), representative sample of 500 leading companies in leading industries of U.S. economy (predecessor stock market indicator - Standard Statistics Company Average of Stock Prices developed in 1926 = 100); characterized by: 1) approximately 75% of U.S. equities market covered; 2) market capitalization weighted, 3) minimum o $ 4 billion capitalization, 4) at least 50% public float, 5) reconstituted as needed; 1957 - a) 'materials' (steel, aluminum, chemical, paper, mining) biggest industrial sector represented, b) materials, energy = 50% of index value (12% in 2006); c) AT&T largest company - $11.2 billion market capitalization; 1957-2006 - 1) average annual return of 10.83% ($1000 in S & P in 1957 = $168,000 in 2006); 2) best performing company - Altria (old Philip Morris) with 19.88% annual return ($1000 in 1957 = $8.4 million in 2006); 3) 111 companies survived intact (PepsiCola, Coca-Cola, Colgate Palmolive, Heinz, Wrigley, Procter & Gamble, Hershey, Tootsie Roll Industries); 4)  almost 1,000 companies have been added to index as others were dropped (bankruptcies, mergers, corporate changes).

1960 - James Lorie, Lawrence Fischer (University of Chicago Graduate School of Business), with a grant of $ 300,000 from Merrill Lynch, established Center for Research in Securities Prices (CRSP) at University of Chicago (Fischer originated structure of CRSP Master File; 1964 - completed stock market database (estimated to contain between 2-3 million pieces of information); allowed average rate of return on common stocks to be measured for first time (9% on NYSE-listed stocks); enabled rigorous empirical analysis of stock prices, investment theories; allowed maintenance of accurate securities information over time; 1984 - added data from NASDAQ markets (from December 1972); mid 1990s - created only complete database available containing active, inactive mutual funds; 2005 -  released CRSP/Ziman Real Estate Data Series (with Ziman Center at the Anderson School of Business of UCLA); 2006 - released Pre62 database (contained daily data from 1926 - 1962 vs. only monthly data previously available).

April 21, 1987 - Dow Jones Industrial Average soared 664.7; second biggest one-day gain in history.

October 27, 1997 - By 2:00 P.M., Dow had dropped 323.42 points; Wall Street invoked "circuit-breaker rules" (passed in wake of 1987 crash); mandated trading halts or "cooling off" periods to be invoked when  market dropped so many points that it seemed headed for disaster; October 28, 1997 - Dow surged to record gain of 337.1 points.

*Includes share-price appreciation plus dividends from Oct. 19, 1987, through Wednesday. Returns are adjusted for splits and spin offs. Source: FactSet Research Systems, SF Chronicle research; http://www.sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2007/10/18/BUODSRIN6.DTL&type=printabletrillion.

STOCK MARKET RETURNS: Annual Returns on Stock, T. Bonds and T. Bills: 1928 - Current (raw data from St. Louis Federal Reserve data site)

(http://pages.stern.nyu.edu/~adamodar/New_Home_Page/datafile/histretSP.html)

October 9, 2007 - Stock market's all-time high; total value of all stocks covered by Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 = just over $19.1 trillion; October 8, 2008 - total value = about $11.7 trillion, down $7.4 trillion (about 40).

December 31, 2007 - Dow Jones Industrial Average closed at 13,264.82, an annual increase of 6.43% (vs. 16.29% jump in 2006; 6.3% down from all-time high October 2007); S&P 500 index (companies with median market value of $12.8 billion) closed at 1468.36, an annual gain of 3.53%, up 10% excluding financial stocks (6.2% below record close on October 9, 2007; down 3.8% in fourth quarter, first for any fourth quarter in seven years; up 67% since 2002; first November/December decline since 1974); Russell 2000 closed at 766.03, down 2.8% in 2007 (first loss in five years, underperformed S&P 500 for first time since 1998); Nasdaq closed at 2652.28, up 9.81% for the year (down 7.2% from record high in October 2007); Dow Jones Wilshire 5000 Index (companies with median market value of $589.6 million), broadest measure of U.S. shares, closed at 14,819.58 ($115 billion decrease in value of stocks); Chicago Board Options Exchange Volatility Index (VIX), market's "fear gauge'' (rises as stocks fall), closed at 22.50 (up 95% percent in 2007, biggest annual rise in its 18-year history).  

Market Performance after Fed Rate Increases (median performance of the S&P 500 for a given number of trading days after successive Fed rate increases since 1946).

 Rate increase  7 days     22 days  126 days  252 days

       First             -0.57%       0.76%      3.91%       9.87%
       Second        0.05           0.96          3.93          6.45
       Third             0.23          -0.36         3.46         -2.72
       Fourth           0.33          1.95         -1.37         -2.79
       Fifth             -1.44          -1.12         -5.38        -2.86
       Sixth             0.13          -1.92         -5.20        -6.98
Source: Leuthold Group

(http://www.cboe.com/micro/vix/images/VIX_since_1990.gif)

January 2008 - Peak to Trough Comparisons of Market Declines

(http://graphics8.nytimes.com/images/2008/01/18/business/0118-biz-STOX-full.jpg)

L-R: 1/1/73-12/6/74 (-45.1%); 11/29/83-7/24/84 (-15.6%); 8/25/87-10/19/87 (-36.1%); 7/16/90-10/11/90 (-21.2%); 7/17/98-8/31/98 (-19.3%); 1/14/00-10/9/02 (-37.8%); 10/9/07-1/17/08 (-14.2%).

(Paris Bourse), Pedro Arbulu (2007). La Bourse de Paris au XIXe Siècle: Efficience et Performance d'un Marché Financier Emergent. (Paris, FR: Connaissances et Savoirs, 252 p.). Bourse de Paris -- History -- 19th century; Stock exchanges -- France -- Paris -- History -- 19th century.

(Philadelphia Stock Exchange), Domenic Vitiello, with George E. Thomas (2010). The Philadelphia Stock Exchange and the City It Made. (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 253 p.). Teaches City and Regional Planning (University of Pennsylvania); Teaches Urban Studies (University of Pennsylvania). Philadelphia Stock Exchange --History; Stock exchanges --Pennsylvania --Philadelphia --History; Finance --Pennsylvania --Philadelphia --History; Philadelphia (Pa.) --History. Metropolitan economic development; America's first stock exchange (1790), ways it shaped growth, decline of city around it; exchange, its members helped spur development of early United States, its financial sector, its westward expansion; made Philadelphia center of industrial America: raised capital for railroads and coal mines that connected cities to one another , built fossil fuel-based economy; after financing Civil War, underwrote growth of modern metropolis, its transportation infrastructure, utility systems, real estate development; exchange's fortunes diverged from those of city around it; became part of larger, global institution (merged with NASDAQ in 2008).

Christopher Armstrong (2001). Moose Pastures and Mergers: The Ontario Securities Commission and the Regulation of Share Markets in Canada, 1940-1980. (Toronto, ON: University of Toronto Press, 424 p.). Ontario Securities Commission -- History; Securities -- Ontario -- History.

Hurd Baruch (1971). Wall Street: Security Risk (Washington, DC: Acropolis Books, 356 p.). New York Stock Exchange

Alec Benn (2000). The Unseen Wall Street of 1969-1975: And Its Significance for Today (Westport, CT: Quorum Books, 216 p.). New York Stock Exchange--History--20th century; Wall Street--History--20th century; Stock exchanges--United States--History--20th century.

Murray T. Bloom (1971). Rogues to Riches; The Trouble with Wall Street. (New York, NY: Putnam, 332 p.). Wall Street.

Marshall E. Blume, Jeremy J. Siegel and Dan Rottenberg (1993). Revolution on Wall Street: The Rise and Decline of the New York Stock Exchange. (New York, NY: Norton, 320 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Stock exchanges; International finance.

Steven R. Champion (1998). The Great Taiwan Bubble: The Rise and Fall of Asia's Most Volatile Emerging Market. (Berkeley, CA: Pacific View Press). Stocks--Taiwan; Securities industry--Taiwan; Investments--Taiwan.

Henry Clews (1887). Twenty-Eight Years in Wall Street. (New York, NY: Irving Publishing Co., 684 p.). Wall Street; Speculation; Capitalists and financiers--United States; Business. 

--- (1908). Fifty Years in Wall Street. "Twenty-eight years in Wall street," Revised and Enlarged by a Résumé of the Past Twenty-Two Years, Making a Record of Fifty Years in Wall Street. (New York, NY: Irving Publishing Company, 1062 p.). Wall Street; Speculation; Capitalists and financiers--United States; Business.

Cedric B. Cowing (1965). Populists, Plungers, and Progressives; A Social History of Stock and Commodity Speculation, 1890-1936 (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 299 p.). Stock exchanges--United States; Investments--United States. Speculation.

David Cruise & Alison Griffiths (1987). Fleecing the Lamb: The Inside Story of the Vancouver Stock Exchange. (Toronto, ON: Douglas & McIntyre, 277 p.). Vancouver Stock Exchange.

Nicolas Darvas (1964). Wall Street: The Other Las Vegas (New York, NY: Lyle Stuart, 192 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Stocks--United States; Speculation.

Hillary Davis (1998). A Million a Minute: Inside the World of Securities Trading: The Men, the Women, the Money that Make the Markets Work. (New York, NY: HarperBusiness, 292 p.). Ex of Baring Brothers. Stockbrokers; Floor traders (Finance). 

Pauline et Dominique Destrem (2005). La Bourse Sous l’Occupation. (Paris, FR: Mare & Martin, 327 p.). Stock exchanges--France--History--20th century; Securities--France--History--20th century; France--History--German occupation, 1940-1945.

Ed. Elroy Dimson (1988). Stock Market Anomalies. (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 295 p.). Stock exchanges -- Congresses; Capital market -- Congresses.

Franics L. Eames (1968). The New York Stock Exchange (New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 139 p. [Reprint 1894 ed.]). New York Stock Exchange.

Alexander Elder (2006). Entries & Exits: Visits to 16 Trading Rooms. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 341 p.). Investment analysis; Stocks; Futures. Psychology, tactics, risk control, record keeping, decision-making process of traders in 16 trading rooms.

Christopher Elias (1971). Fleecing the Lambs (Chicago, IL: Regnery, 246 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

Ernest Feydeau (1873). Mémoires d'un Coulissier. (Paris, FR: Librairie Nouvelle, 317 p. [2nd ed.]). Stock jobber at Paris Borse. Paris Bourse.

John Francis (1851). Chronicles and Characters of the Stock Exchange ... (London, UK: Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans, 361 p. [2nd ed.]). Stock Exchange (London, England); Speculation.

Martin S. Fridson (1993). Investment Illusions: A Savvy Wall Street Pro Explodes Popular Misconceptions About the Markets. (New York, NY: Wiley, 230 p.). Investment analysis; Stocks; Bonds; Securities. 

--- (1998). It Was a Very Good Year: Extraordinary Moments in Stock Market History. (New York, NY: Wiley, 244 p.). Managing Director (Merrill Lynch). Investments -- United States -- History; Stocks -- United States -- History. 

John G. Fuller (1962). The Money Changers (New York, NY: Dial Press, 247 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Stocks -- United States.

Charles Gasparino (2007). King of the Club: Richard Grasso and the Survival of the New York Stock Exchange. (New York, NY: Collins, 400 p.). Correspondent for CNBC, Former Writer (Wall Street Journal and Newsweek). Grasso, Richard; New York Stock Exchange--Officials and employees--Biography; Corporations--Corrupt practices--United States--Case studies. Most influential CEO in New York Stock Exchange's history, mastered subtle deal-making, politics; brought heart of global finance back from near-death after September 11; NYSE Board rewarded him with a pay package (more than $140 million in deferred compensation) - generated hailstorm of protest; bitter divisions,  investigation from Attorney General, eventual downfall.

Paul Gibson (1993). Bear Trap: Why Wall Street Doesn't Work (New York, NY: Atlantic Monthly Press, 246 p.). New York Stock Exchange -- History; Securities industry -- United States -- History; Stockbrokers -- United States.

Susan Goldenberg (1986). Trading: Inside the World's Leading Stock Exchanges. (San Diego, CA: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 263 p.). Stock exchanges.

John Steele Gordon (1988). The Scarlet Woman of Wall Street: Jay Gould, Jim Fisk, Cornelius Vanderbilt, the Erie Railroad Wars and the Birth of Wall Street (New York, NY: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 421 p.). Erie Railroad, Panic of 1873, New York Stock Exchange.

Leo Gough (1998). 25 Investment Classics: Insights from the Greatest Investment Books of All Time (London, UK: Financial Times: Pitman Pub., 238 p.). Investment; Speculation.

Stephen Green (2004). The Development of China's Stock Market, 1984-2002: Equity Politics and Market Institutions. (New York, NY: Routledge, 287 p.). Stock exchanges China; China Economic policy 1976-2000; China Economic policy 2000-. 

Lucy Heckman (1992). The New York Stock Exchange: A Guide to Information Sources. (New York, NY: Garland, 353 p.). Librarian (St. John's University). New York Stock Exchange--Bibliography.

--- (2001). NASDAQ: A Guide to Information Sources. (New York, NY: Garland, 250 p.). Librarian (St. John's University). Nasdaq Stock Market; Nasdaq Stock Market--Bibliography; National Association of Securities Dealers. 

Mark Ingebretsen (2002). Nasdaq: A History of the Market That Changed the World. (Roseville, CA: Prima, 334 p.). Nasdaq Stock Market--History.

Alan Jenkins (1973). The Stock Exchange Story. (London, UK: Heinemann, 212 p.). Stock Exchange (London, England)--History.

Frank Keane (1981). The Vancouver Stock Exchange: From Bucketshop to World Venture Money Capital. (Vancouver, BC: Chinook Communications, 127 p.). Vancouver Stock Exchange.

Alan Lechner (1980). Street Games: Inside Stories of the Wall Street Hustle (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 176 p.). Wall Street

Louis Lowenstein (1988). What's Wrong with Wall Street: Short-Term Gain and the Absentee Shareholder. (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 268 p.). Stocks; Institutional investments; Stockholders; Tender offers (Securities).

Maggie Mahar (2003). Bull!: A History of the Boom, 1982-1999: What Drove the Breakneck Market-- and What Every Investor Needs To Know about Financial Cycles. (New York, NY: HarperBusiness, 486 p.). Wall Street--History--20th century; Stock exchanges--United States--History--20th century; Business cycles; Stock Market Bubble, 1995-2000.

Joseph Gregory Martin (1969). A Century of Finance; Martin's History of the Boston Stock and Money Markets, One Hundred Years, from January, 1798, to January, 1898, Comprising the Annual Fluctuations of All Public Stocks and Investment Securities ... also a review of the Boston Money Market, 1831 to 1898 ... With Full Descriptive Notes Relating to the Different Securities, the Whole Covering a Complete Century of Varied Monetary Experiences. Uniform Title: [Twenty-one years in the Boston stock market]. (New York, NY: Greenwood Press, 262 p. [reprint of 1898]). Boston; Stock Exchange; Banks and banking--Massachusetts--Boston; Boston (Mass.)--Commerce.

Martin Mayer (1955). Wall Street: Men and Money. (New York, NY: Harper, 274 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

--- (1988). Markets: Who Plays, Who Risks, Who Gains, Who Loses. (New York, NY: Norton, 303 p.). Stock exchanges; Securities.

--- (2001). The Fed: The inside Story of How the World's Most Powerful Financial Institution Drives the Markets. (New York, NY: Free Press, 350 p.). Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.); Monetary policy--United States; Stock exchanges--United States. 

David McClain (1988). Apocalypse on Wall Street (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 187 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Stock exchanges; Wall Street; Program trading (Securities).

J. Edward Meeker (1975). The Work of the Stock Exchange (New York, NY: Ayer Pub. Co., 720 p. [rev. ed.]). New York Stock Exchange

Ranald C. Michie (1987). The London and New York Stock Exchanges, 1850-1914. (London, UK: Allen & Unwin, 312 p.). Department of History (University of Durham). Stock Exchange (London, England)--History; New York Stock Exchange--History.

--- (1999). The London Stock Exchange: A History. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 672 p.). Department of History (University of Durham). Stock Exchange (London, England)--History.

--- (2007). The Global Securities Market: A History. (Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 399 p.). Department of History (University of Durham). Securities industry -- History; Securities -- History. Securities markets from its beginnings in Medieval Venice through Amsterdam, London to its operations in Tokyo, New York today.

Merton H. Miller (1991). Financial Innovations and Market Volatility. (Cambridge, MA: Blackwell, 288 p.). Capital market -- United States; Finance -- United States; Stocks -- Prices -- United States; Stock Market Crash, 1987 -- History.

Gregory J. Millman (1999). The Day Traders: The Untold Story of the Extreme Investors and How They Changed Wall Street (New York, NY: Times Business, 253 p.). Electronic trading of securities; Stocks--Data processing.

Richard Ney (1970). The Wall Street Jungle (New York, NY: Grove Press, 348 p.). Stock exchanges--United States; Stocks--United States.

John Lloyd Parker (1932). Unmasking Wall Street. (Boston, MA: The Stratford Company, 223 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Wall Street; Capitalists and financiers -- United States.

Ferdinand Pecora (1939). Wall Street Under Oath; The Story of Our Modern Money Changers (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 311 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

W.J. Reader (1979). A House in the City: A Study of the City and of the Stock Exchange Based on the Records of Foster & Braithwaite, 1825-1975 (London, UK: Batsford, 198 p.). Stock Exchange (London, England)--History; Foster & Braithwaite (Firm)--History.

Eric Rosenthal (1968). On 'Change Through the Years; A History of Share Dealing in South Africa. (Cape Town, S. Africa: Flesch Financial Publications, 271 p.). Johannesburg Stock Exchange; Stock exchanges--South Africa.

John Rothchild (1998). The Bear Book: Survive and Profit in Ferocious Markets. (New York, NY: Wiley, 284 p.). Stock exchanges; Bear market.

Anthony Rowley (1987). Asian Stockmarkets : The Inside Story (Homewood, IL: Dow Jones-Irwin, 290 p.). Securities--Asia; Stock exchanges--Asia.

Stephen Salsbury and Kay Sweeney (1992). Sydney Stockbrokers: Biographies of Members of the Sydney Stock Exchange, 1871 to 1987. (Sydney, NSW: Hale & Iremonger, 466 p.). Sydney Stock Exchange--History; Stockbrokers--Australia--Biography.

Robert J. Shiller (1989). Market Volatility. (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 464 p.). Stocks -- Prices; Stock exchanges; Bonds -- Prices; Real property -- Prices.

Eds. Birl E. Shultz and Albert P. Squier (1963). The Securities Market - and How It Works. (New York, NY: Harper & Row, 372 p. [rev. ed.]). New York Stock Exchange; Stock exchanges -- United States.

Leonard Sloane (1980). The Anatomy of the Floor: The Trillion-Dollar Market at the New York Stock Exchange. (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 228 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

Adam Smith (1968). The Money Game. (New York, NY: Random House, 302 p.). Stock exchanges--United States; Investments--United States.

--- (1972). Supermoney. (New York, NY: Random House, 301 p.). Stock exchanges--United States; Investments--United States.

Charles W. Smith (1999). Success and Survival on Wall Street: Understanding the Mind of the Market. (Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 220 p.). Investments--United States; Stock exchanges--United States.

Roy C. Smith (2010). Paper Fortunes: Modern Wall Street: Where it’s Been and Where it’s Going. (New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press,, 448 p.). Kenneth Langone Professor of Entrepreneurship and Finance at Stern School (New York University), Former Investment Banker at Goldman Sachs. New York Stock Exchange --History; Finance --United States --History; Investments --United States --History; Investment banking --United States --History; Investment advisors --United States --History. Wall Street from post-war heyday to present; how industry has grown, changed, evolved; its future prospects are; shifting U.S. market economy through actions of people who've shaped it for last 60 years, will shape it for next 60 years. .Wall Street from post-war heyday to present; how industry has grown, changed, evolved; its future prospects are; shifting U.S. market economy through actions of people who've shaped it for last 60 years, will shape it for next 60 years. 

Robert Sobel (1970). The Curbstone Brokers; The Origins of the American Stock Exchange. (New York, NY: Macmillan, 296 p.). American Stock Exchange.

--- (1972). Amex: A History of the American Stock Exchange, 1921-1971. (New York, NY: Weybright and Talley, 372 p.). American Stock Exchange.

--- (1975). N.Y.S.E. : A History of the New York Stock Exchange, 1935-1975. (New York, NY: Weybright & Talley, 398 p.). New York Stock Exchange-History.

--- (1977). Inside Wall Street : Continuity and Change in the Financial District. (New York, NY: Norton, 288 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Wall Street.

--- (2000). The Pursuit of Wealth: The Incredible Story of Money Throughout the Ages. (New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, 347 p.). Money--History; Investments--History.

Robert Sobel with a foreword by Broadus Mitchell (1965). The Big Board; A History of the New York Stock Market (New York, NY: Free Press, 395 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

George Soros; foreword by Paul Tudor Jones II (1994). The Alchemy of Finance: Reading the Mind of the Market. (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, 367 p.). Investments.

Roger W. Spencer, John H. Huston (2006). The Federal Reserve and the Bull Markets: From Benjamin Strong to Alan Greenspan. (Lewiston, NY: Edwin Mellen Press, 251 p.). United States. Federal Reserve Board; Bull markets--United States; Stock exchanges--United States. Relationship of Federal Reserve policy to stock market activity; monetary policy responses of Benjamin Strong, William McChesney Martin Jr., Alan Greenspan to three major bull markets that occurred during their respective tenures.

Richard J. Teweles and Edward S. Bradley (1998). The Stock Market (New York, NY: Wiley, 568 p. [7th ed.]). Stock exchanges.

William Arthur Thomas (1986). The Stock Exchanges of Ireland. (Wolfeboro, NH: F. Cairns, 273 p.). Stock exchanges--Ireland--History. Series: Studies in financial and economic history.

--- (2001). Western Capitalism in China: A History of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. (Alershot: Ashgate, 328 p.). University of Liverpool. Shanghai zheng quan jiao yi suo--History; Stock exchanges--China--Shanghai--History; Investments, Foreign--China--Shanghai--History; Shanghai (China)--Economic conditions. 

William C. Van Antwerp (1975). The Stock Exchange from Within (New York, NY: Arn0 Press, 459 p. [Reprint of 1913 ed.]). New York Stock Exchange; Stock-exchange.

Carl E. Walter and Fraser J.T. Howie (2001). "To Get Rich Is Glorious!": China’s Stock Markets in the ’80s and ’90s. (New York, NY: Palgrave, 243 p.). Managing Director, China International Capital Corporation; Sales and Trading Department, China International Capital Corporation. Stock exchanges--China; Stocks--China; Securities--China; Industries--China--Finance; Capitalism--China.

--- (2006). Privatizing China: Inside China’s Stock Markets. (Hoboken, NJ: Wiley, 335 p. [2nd ed.]). Managing Director of JP Morgan, Chief Operating Officer of its China businesses; Independent Financial Analyst located in Beijing. Stock exchanges--China; Stocks--China; China--Economic conditions--2000-. How markets have developed from their early dominance by local governments to ones that are controlled and deliberately manipulated by central government in pursuit of its policy goals.

Eric J. Weiner (2005). What Goes Up: The Uncensored History of Wall Street Told by the Bankers, Brokers, CEOs, and Crooks Who Made It. (New York, NY: Little, Brown, 512 p.). Former Dow Jones Journalist. New York Stock Exchange--History; Wall Street (New York, N.Y.)--History. Oral history lessons from the past, warnings for the future.

Chris Welles (1975). The Last Days of the Club (New York, NY: Dutton, 460 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

Jennifer Wells (1991). The Pez: The Manic Life of the Ultimate Promoter. (Toronto, ON: Macfarlane Walter & Ross, 277 p.). Pezim, Murray; Vancouver Stock Exchange; Capitalists and financiers--British Columbia--Vancouver--Biography; Stockbrokers--British Columbia--Vancouver--Biography.

Walter Werner and Steven T. Smith (1991). Wall Street (New York, NY: Columbia University Press, 306 p.). New York Stock Exchange--History--19th century; Securities--United States--History--19th century; Finance--United States--History--19th century; United States--Economic conditions--To 1865.

Richard R. West with Seha M. Tinic (1971). The Economics of the Stock Market (New York, NY: Praeger, 222 p.). New York Stock Exchange; Stock exchanges; Stocks.

Barrie A. Wigmore (1985). The Crash and Its Aftermath : A History of Securities Markets in the United States, 1929-1933. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 731 p.). Stock exchanges--United States--History--20th century; Depressions--1929--United States; Stock Market Crash, 1929.

--- (1997). Securities Markets in the 1980s : The New Regime, 1979-1984. (New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 399 p.). Securities--United States; Capital market--United States.

Barnie F. Winkelman (1932). Ten Years of Wall Street. (Philadelphia, PA: The John C. Winston Company, 381 p.). Speculation; Stocks; Stock exchanges--United States; Depressions--1929; Wall Street (New York, N.Y.). 

T.A. Wise and the editors of Fortune (1962). The Insiders; A Stockholder's Guide to Wall Street (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 247 p.). New York Stock Exchange.

Carol Z. Womack, Alice C. Littlejohn (1995). The American Stock Exchange: A Guide to Information Resources. (New York, NY: Garland Pub., 225 p.). American Stock Exchange -- Bibliography; Stock exchanges -- New York (State) -- New York -- Bibliography.

James Playsted Wood (1966). What's the Market? The Story of Stock Exchanges (New York, NY: Duell, Sloan and Pearce, 179 p.). Stock-exchange; Securities.

Robert E. Wright (2005). The First Wall Street: Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, and the Birth of American Finance. (Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press, 208 p.). Clinical Professor of Economics in the Stern School of Business (New York University. Stock exchanges--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia--History; Stock exchanges--New York (State)--New York--History; Stock exchanges--United States--History. History of the United States and the origins of its unrivaled economy. 

Russell O. Wright (2002). Chronology of the Stock Market. (Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 128 p.). New York Stock Exchange--History; Stock exchanges--New York (State)--New York--History; Stock exchanges--United States--History.

The Big Picture                                                                                                                    http://bigpicture.typepad.com/                                                                                                  

Macro perspective on capital markets. the economy, geopolitics, technology and digital media by Barry L. Ritholtz, CEO and Director of Equity Research at FuisonIQ, an online quantitative research firm (former Chief Market Strategist for Maxim Group, New York Investment bank).

Center for Research in Securities Prices (CRSP                                                                           http://www.crsp.chicagogsb.edu/                                                                                         

CRSP is dedicated in its goal to provide the most complete, accurate, and easily usable securities data to all of its users. 1959 - Louis Engel, vice president at the firm then known as Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, inquired of Professor James H. Lorie (Ph.D. 1947; Associate Dean 1956; Professor of Business Administration at University of Chicago Graduate School of Business) as to whether investment performance in the stock market relative to other types of investments had been analyzed. Such an analysis was not feasible as no comprehensive stock market database was available at the time. Professor Lorie proposed that Merrill Lynch provide funds for a project with the purpose of constructing the stock database. The work would involve gathering, cleaning, and including the prices, dividends, and rates of return of all stocks listed and trading on the NYSE since 1926. The work would also include calculating rates of returns for those same stocks. 1960 - CRSP, with a grant of $300,000 from Merrill Lynch, was established; 1964 - the stock market database was estimated to contain between two and three million pieces of information; 1984 - added data from the NASDAQ markets (from December 1972); mid 1990s - created the only complete database available containing active and inactive mutual funds; 2005 - released the CRSP/Ziman Real Estate Data Series together with the Ziman Center at the Anderson School of Business (UCLA); 2006 - released Pre62 database, which contains daily data from 1926 - 1962 (previously only monthly data was available for this time period.

Cincinnati Stock Exchange

http://www.cincinnatistockexchange.us/

Daily Closings of the Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA)                                                                            http://eh.net/hmit/dow                                                                                                     

Data cover period from DJIA inception, on May 26, 1896, to the present.

Charles Dow, the History of the Dow Jones Averages, Dow Jones Averages Chronology 1884 - 1995 http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/DowJonesAvgsHist.html

Dow Jones Indexes                                                                                                        http://indexes.dowjones.com/mdsidx/                                                                                       

Dow Jones Indexes develops, maintains and licenses market indexes for investment products. Among its more than 3,000 indexes are the world's best known stock indicator, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, and the leading pan-European indexes, the Dow Jones STOXX Indexes. Dow Jones Indexes is an independent, full-service index provider, supplying accurate, reliable and transparent index data. The indexes are maintained according to a clear, transparent and systematic methodology that is fully integrated across all Dow Jones equity index families. This methodology, together with historical data for all Dow Jones indexes, is open for review and is made available at no cost to the professional  investment community.

Dow Jones Interactive Learning Center

http://www.djindexes.com/DJIA110/learning-center/ 

The Dow Jones Industrial Average is considered to be an effective gauge of the U.S. economy, and overall investor sentiment. For those who keep close track of the Dow, it is something to be watched ever so closely. This website serves as a place to learn about the Dow in all its glory, ranging from pieces of trivia to a nice historical timeline. It’s probably best to start with the historical timeline. Here users will learn about what happened to the twelve original companies listed on the Dow when it first debuted on May 26, 1896. After that, they are free to move through the rest of the timeline, learning about the technological innovations that the Dow embraced over time, and also about some of the darkest days it has encountered. The trivia section is a true treat, as visitors can learn how much they would have today if their parents had invested $1,000 on the date of their birth, and then also find out about some of the Dow’s top performers over the past century or so.

New York Stock Exchange: Firsts & Records

http://www.nyse.com/about/history/1022221392987.html

From its formation under the Buttonwood Tree in 1792 to the creation of NYSE Euronext in 2007, the NYSE has experienced many historic firsts, surpassed major milestones and set new records.so.

Securities Industry Association                                                                                                    http://www.sia.com/